Pediatrics

Question 1

Palmar grasp reflex

Answer 1

Touch the palm of the infant’s hand on the ulnar side and they should strongly grasp your finger. Disappears by 3 months

Question 2

Placing response

Answer 2

Hold the infant upright under the arms next to a table or chair; touch the dorsal side of the foot to the table and observe flexion of the hips and knees and lifting the foot as if stepping up

Question 3

Rooting reflex

Answer 3

Touch the corner of the infant’s mouth and when hungry the infant will move the head and open the mouth on the side of stimulation. Present at birth and disappears by 3-4 months of age

Question 4

Tonic neck reflex

Answer 4

“fencing”. With the infant lying supine and relaxed or sleeping, turn his head to one side so the jaw is over the shoulder and look for extension of the arm and leg on that side to which the head is turned and flexion of the opposite arm and leg. Diminishes at 3-4 months and disappears by 6 months

Question 5

Startle / Moro reflex

Answer 5

With the infant supported in a semi-sitting position, allow the head and trunk to drop back to a 30 degree angle; observe symmetric abduction and extension of the arms; fingers fan out and thumb and index finger form a C; the arms then adduct in an embracing motion followed by relaxed flexion. legs my follow similar response. reflex diminishes by 3-4 months and disappears at 6 months

Question 6

Cephalohematoma

Answer 6

a collection of blood under the periosteum of a skull bone. Swelling within the bone of the cranium itself.
Physical Examination Technique: inspect and gently palpate the fontanelle/sutures

Question 7

Caput Succedaneum

Answer 7

soft tissues over the entire head are swollen.

Physical Examination Technique: inspect and gently palpate the fontanelle/sutures

Question 8

Milia

Answer 8

Milia are tiny white bumps that appear across a baby’s nose, chin or cheeks

Question 9

Port wine stain

Answer 9

A port-wine stain is a birthmark in which swollen blood vessels create a reddish-purplish discoloration of the skin

Question 10

Hemangioma / “stork bites”

Answer 10

A stork bite is a common type of birthmark seen in a newborn. It is most often temporary

Question 11

Mongolian spots

Answer 11

Mongolian spots are flat, blue, or blue-gray skin markings near the buttocks that appear at birth or shortly thereafter

Question 12

Failures to thrive

Answer 12

Failure to thrive refers to children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is much lower than that of other children of similar age and gender

Question 13

Strabismus

Answer 13

Strabismus is a disorder in which both eyes do not line up in the same direction, so they do not look at the same object at the same time