Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PD Block 3 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral bending

A

Lateral flexion of the trunk or C spine in the frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inversion

A

tilting the sole of the foot towards the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eversion

A

tilting the sole of the foot away from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Radial deviation

A

movement of the hand at the wrist toward the radius (Towards thumb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

movement of the hand at the wrist towards the ulnar bone (Towards pinky finger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscle strength grading scale

A 
5 is normal strength
4 is slightly decreased
3 is movement against gravity only
2 is movement when gravity is eliminated (limb doesn’t move against gravity)
1 no movement, slight contractility
0 is no firing of muscle fibers at all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

AROM

A

tests anatomy and muscle strength (what the PATIENT is capable of doing without assistance - test muscles, joints and neurological function) -> diminished: muscle, tendon or ligament problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PROM

A

tests joint function only (provider moves for patient) -> pain: joint problems only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Resistance

A

tests muscle strength -> usually do this at the end only when there is pain
in the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myopathy

A

any disease of the muscles not caused by nerve dysfunction; symptoms depend on the specific disease but generally include muscle weakness and wasting.(Barrows medical dictionary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuropathy

A

any abnormal condition of the peripheral nerves. (Barrows medical dictionary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polyneuropathy

A

a specific term that refers to a generalized, relatively homogeneous process affecting many peripheral nerves, with the distal nerve usually affected most prominently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sprain

A

injury to ligaments around a joint, causing pain and swelling. The severity of symptoms and degree of immobility depend on the site of injury and extent of damage of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strain

A

injury to a muscle or tendon, resulting in swelling and pain usually caused by overuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Four shoulder joints

A

o Sternoclavicular
o Acromioclavicular
o Glenohumeral
o Thoracoscapular articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Three elbow joints

A

o Humeroulnar joint
o Humeroradial joint
o Radioulnar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Shoulder adduction

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shoulder abduction

A

150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shoulder (forward) flexion

A

150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shoulder hyperextension

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Shoulder internal rotation

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Shoulder external rotation

A

80-90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Elbow flexion

A

150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Elbow supination

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Elbow pronation

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Wrist flexion

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Wrist extension

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Radial deviation

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Fingers flexion

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fingers hyperextension

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Scapular winging

A

Weakness of serratus anterior

Wall push-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Drop arm test

A

Tears in rotator cuff

Lower arm slowly to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Yerguson test

A

Stability of biceps long tendon

Externally rotate shoulder (arm at side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Apprehension test

A

Shoulder dislocation

Externally rotate shoulder (arm raised)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Tennis elbow test

A

Lateral epicondylitis

Pressure on lateral epicondyle, flex and extend wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Tinel sign (elbow/wrist)

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Palpate ulnar nerve, medial ulnar epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Finkelstein test

A

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis:
Extensor pollicis brevis and abdcutor pollicis longus
Cast a fishing real with thumb tucked in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Phalen test

A

Carpel tunnel
Dorsal sides of hands together one minute,
Elicit numbness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Biceps reflex nerve

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Brachioradialis reflex nerve

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Triceps reflex nerve

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cubitus vulgus

A

forearms angled AWAY from body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Dupuytren contracture

A

flexion contracture of the pinky finger due to palmar fibromatosis. Fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Cubitus varus

A

forearms angled TOWARDS body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Swan-neck deformity

A

The volar plate is a strong fibrous structure located on the palm side of the PIP joint and prevents hyperextention of the PIP joint. When this becomes injured or torn, the PIP joint hyperextends and distal interphalangeal joint flexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

Bursitis on elbow

49
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

an injury to the tendons that straighten the middle joint of the finger. The tendon on the posterior or the finger attaches to the middle bone of the finger and when this tendon is injured the finger is not able to fully straighten

50
Q

Mallet finger

A

injury to the extensor tendon which straightens the fingers.. AKA Baseball finger because it occurs when an unyielding object strikes the tip of a finger or thumb injuring the tendon

51
Q

Ganglia/ganglion cyst

A

most common lump or mass in the hand. They are fluid filled and arise out of a joint. Not cancerous and can be aspirated

52
Q

Heberden nodes

A

hard swellings that develop in the DIP (Distal interphalangeal joints). Sign of Osteroarthritis

53
Q

Bouchard’s nodes

A

lumps that grow close to joints (PIP) if found without accompanying of Heberden nodes it can diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

54
Q

CTS

A

happens when the median nerve becomes pressed or squeezed. Causes pain, tingling, numbness. Tinel/Phalen test will confirm carpal tunnel.

55
Q

Hip flexion

A

115

56
Q

Hip internal rotation in flexion

A

30

57
Q

Hip external rotation in flexion

A

50

58
Q

Hip internal rotation in extension

A

30

59
Q

Hip external rotation in extension

A

50

60
Q

Hip adduction

A

30

61
Q

Hip abduction

A

50

62
Q

Knee flexion

A

135

63
Q

Knee hyperextension

A

10

64
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion

A

20

65
Q

Ankle plantarflexion

A

50

66
Q

Toes flexion

A

30

67
Q

Toes extension

A

50

68
Q

Patellar reflex nerve

A

L4

69
Q

Achilles reflex nerve

A

S1

70
Q

Thompson/Simmonds test

A

tests for Achilles tendon rupture
Pt prone, feet off table, contracts gastrocnemius
No movement -> ruptured Achilles

71
Q

Patellar ballottement

A

tests for major effusion/also known as water on the knee within the joint space

72
Q

Anterior drawer sign

A

tests for damage/tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Pull tibia toward you, pt leans back with body weight
Anterior tibial plateau peaks toward you -> torn ACL

73
Q

Posterior drawer sign

A

tests for damage/tear on the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Push tibia away from you, pt leans back w/ body weight
Tibial plateau moves away from you -> torn PCL

74
Q

Ortoloani test

A

The examiner’s hands are placed over the child’s knees with his/her thumbs on the medial thigh and the fingers placing a gentle upward stress on the lateral thigh and greater trochanter area. With slow abduction, a dislocated and reducible hip will reduce with a described palpable “clunk.”

75
Q

Barlow test

A

guiding the hips into mild adduction and applying a slight forward pressure with the thumb. If the hip is unstable, the femoral head will slip over the posterior rim of the acetabulum, again producing a palpable sensation of subluxation or dislocation.

76
Q

Patellar bulge sign

A

Knee effusion

77
Q

Knee apprehension test

A

designed to determine whether or not the patella is prone to lateral dislocation

78
Q

McMurray test

A

during knee flexion/extension a torn meniscus may produce a palpable or audible clicking

79
Q

Apley grinding test

A

designed to aid in the diagnosis of a torn meniscus

80
Q

Apley distraction test

A

helps distinguish between meniscal and ligamentous problems of the knee joint

81
Q

Patellofemoral grinding test

A

designed to determine the quality of articulating surfaces of the patella and the trochlear groove of the femur

82
Q

Varus knee stress

A

stress to the knee checks for a torn lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

83
Q

Valgus knee stress

A

Valgus: stress to the knee checks for a torn medial collateral ligament (MCL)

84
Q

Genu varum

A

Bowed legs. Distinct space between the lower legs and knees

85
Q

Hammer toe

A

deformity of the second, third, or fourth toes. Toe is bent at the middle joint so it resembles a hammer. Results from improperly fitting shoes or muscle imbalance.

86
Q

Genu valgum

A

Knock knee deformity. Typical gait pattern is circumduction, swinging each leg outward while walking.

87
Q

Pes planus

A

Flat feet. Longitudinal arch of foot has flattened out.

88
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

hyperextention of the knee

89
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Bunion. Medial deviation of the first metatarsal

90
Q

Claw toe

A

result of nerve damage that weakens the muscles in the foot. Seen in patients with diabetes or alcholism. The “claw” digs into the soles of shoes creating painful calluses.

91
Q

Pes cavus

A

when the longitudinal arch is visable when bearing weight. (AKA- high arch, high instep)

92
Q

Morton neuroma

A

A thickening of the tissue that surrounds the digital nerve leading to toes. Gives a feeling that you are “walking on a marble”. Persistent pain in the ball of the foot.

93
Q

Thoracic kyphosis

A

Increased outward curvature of the thoracic spine

94
Q

Gibbus deformity

A

a short segment of kyphosis in which one or more vertebrae become wedged. Usually seen in thoracic or lumbar area

95
Q

Lumbar lordosis

A

excessive concave curvature of the lumbar spine

96
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

97
Q

Kyphoscoliosis

A

combination of lateral and convex curvature of the spine

98
Q

Distraction test

A

narrowing of foramen causes pain. This tests the effect of neck traction (therefore widening forame) in relieving neck pain. Place 1 hand under chin, the other at back of head, gradually lift

99
Q

Valsalva test

A

test increases intrathecal pressure. have patient hold breath and bear down. ask if he/she feels increased pain, and where

100
Q

Adson test

A

used to determine state of subclavian artery (can get compressed by extra-cervical rib or scalene muscles). take patient’s radial pulse, simultaneously abduct, extend, and externally rotate the arm. then pt. takes breath and turns head toward arm being tested. if you feel decreased pulse, indicates compression of artery

101
Q

Compression test

A

pain caused by narrowing of neural foramen, or pressure on facet joints. can reproduce pain referred to upper extremity from the neck. Press down on patient’s head while sitting or supine. Note increase in pain

102
Q

Straight leg raising test

A

reproduce back and leg pain so cause can be determined. patient lies supine on table. support calcaneous and lift the leg. determine when / where pain arises

103
Q

Hoover test

A

determines if patient is malingering. pt supine, examiner places hands under patient heels. when patient genuinely tries to raise one leg they will put downward pressure on the other

104
Q

Pelvic rock test

A

patient lies supine on table. Place your hands on the iliac crest and thumbs on the anterior superior iliac crests. Compress the pelvis toward midline. If the patient complains of sacroiliac joint pain, there may be pathology in the joint

105
Q

Fabere Patrick test

A

With patient supine on the table, place the foot of the involved side on the opposite knee. The hip is now flexed, abducted, and externally rotated. Inguinal pain in this position suggests pathology in the hip or surrounding muscle. Extend the range of motion by placing one hand on the flexed knee joint and the other on the anterior superior iliac spine of the opposite side. If this increases pain, pathology is the the sacroiliac joint

106
Q

Trendelenburg test

A

Evaluates the strength of the gluteus medius muscle. Stand behind the patient and ask them to stand on one leg. If the pelvis on the unsupported side remains in position or actually descends, the gluteus medius on the supported side is either weak or non functioning

107
Q

Thomas test

A

Detects contractures of the hip. Stabilize the pelvis by placing your hand under the patient’s lumbar spine and flexing his hip, bringing his thigh up to his trunk. As you flex the hip, notice at what point the back touches your hand. With the lumbar spine flattened and the pelvis stabilized, further flexion can only come from the hip joint. Flex the hip as far as possible. Patient should be able to hold the leg on their chest and have the other leg flat on the table. Positive if patient can’t lay their leg flat, rocks forward to lift their thoracic spine, or arches their back to reform lordosis of the L spine

108
Q

Pelvic obliquity

A

misalignment of the pelvic girdle. Can be caused by leg length inequality, contractures about the hips, or as part of a structural scoliosis. To determine the cause, measure true leg length vs apparent leg length

109
Q

Spastic hemiparesis

A
  • The affected leg is stiff and extended with plantar flexion of the foot
  • movement of the foot results from pelvic tilting upward on the involved side
  • the foot is dragged, often scraping the toe or it is circled stiffly outward and forward
  • the affected arm remains flexed and adducted and does not swing.
110
Q

Spastic Displegia

A
  • the patient uses short steps, dragging the ball of the foot across the floor
  • the legs are extended and the thigh tend to cross forward on each other at each step due to injury to the pyramidal system.
111
Q

Steppage

A
  • The hip and knee are elevated excessively high to lift the plantar flexed foot off the ground
  • the foot is brought down to the floor with a slap
  • the patient is unable to walk on the heels
112
Q

Cerebellar ataxia

A
  • Feet are wide spaced

- staggering and lurching from side to side

113
Q

Sensory ataxia

A
  • Gait is wide based
  • Feet are thrown forward and outward, bringing them down first on heels, then on toes
  • Patient watches the ground to guide steps
  • positive Romberg sign is present
114
Q

Dystonia

A

Jerky dancing movements appear nondirectional

115
Q

Abductor/Trendelenburg’s gait

A

E- During stance phase on affected side a weakened gluteus medius causes pt to tilt pelvis toward uninvolved side
- Muscle strength on the affected side not adequate to hold pelvis evenly

116
Q

Extensor lurch

A
  • AKA Gluteus maximus gait

- Weakened gluteus maximus forces patient to thrust thorax posteriorly to maintain hip extension during stance phase

117
Q

Flat foot gait

A
  • Patients with muscle weakness of the gastrocnemius soleus group may have a flat foot gait with no forceful toe off.
  • heel eversion often present
118
Q

Back knee gait

A
  • if hamstrings are weak, heel strike may be excessively harsh, causing the knee to be hyperflexed
119
Q

Antalgic

A
  • The patient limits the time of weight bearing on the affected leg to limit pain
  • Arthritis, sprains, etc.

PD Block 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions