Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

meningite and refractaire hypotension

A

waterhouse fredrichsen syndrome

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2
Q

hemiplegia in chidren after having seizures

A

Todd paralysis

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3
Q

4 forms of tetanos(2)

A

generalisee
localisee
cephalic
Neonatale

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4
Q

dx differentiel of Lytic lesion on bone puls hypercalcemia(4)

A

osteomyelitis
endocrine
neoplastic
idiopathic

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5
Q

clue for lytic lesion induced by osteomyelitis

A

brodie abcess

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6
Q

endocrine cause of lytic bone lesion(2)

A

hyperparathyroidie

osteoid fibrosa cystica

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7
Q

Neoplastic cause of bone lytic lesion(3)

A

erwing sarcoma
Langerhans hystiocystosis
Metastases

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8
Q

quid of cephalhematoma

A

hemmoragie sous periostee

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9
Q

clue for cephalhematoma

A

it doesn’t cross suture

limited to one cranial bone

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10
Q

clue caput succedaneum

A

it crosses suture

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11
Q

most common cause of functional asplenism in children

A

sickle cell disease

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12
Q

cause of sepsis in asplenia

A

encapsulated bugs

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13
Q

most common bug causing sepsis in asplenia

A

s pneumoniae

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14
Q

cyanosis in infant first 24 hours of life

A

transposition of great vessels

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15
Q

quid of transposition of great vessel

A

aorta in ventricule droit

artere pulmonaire in ventricule gauche

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16
Q

what to suspect in child with reccurrent sinopulmonary infection

A

cystic fibrosis

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17
Q

gold standard dx test for cystic fibrosis

A

sweat test for Na et CL-

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18
Q

consequence of cow milk consumption in infant

A

iron deficiency anemia

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19
Q

cyanosis in children less than 4 years

A

Fallot

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20
Q

tetralogie de Fallot(4)

A

overriding Aorta
VSD
Subpulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy

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21
Q

Clue for PDA and VSD

A

no cyanosis

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22
Q

Prader willi syndrome(3)

A

binge eating
hypotonia
obesity

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23
Q

genetics of prader willi

A

paternal genetics deletion

15q11-q13

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24
Q

genetics problem in cat cry syndrome

A

5p deletion

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25
genetics problem in angelman
15q11-q13
26
genetics in beckwith wiedman
11p15
27
clue for bweckwith
macroglossie
28
clue megaoblastic anemia
hypersegmentation of the nucleus of neutrophils and other blodd cells
29
most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism in the US
thyroid dysgenesis
30
quid of thyroid dysgenesis(3)
ectopie aplasie hypoplasia
31
Disease with Howell jolly bodies
sickle cell disease
32
Meaning of howell jolly bodies and why
no spleen | spleen normally removes nuclear rmnants of red blood cells
33
bite cells or heinz bodies(2)
G6PD deficiency | Thalassemia
34
Helmet cells(3)
DIC HUS TTP
35
cause of helmet cells
traumatic hemolysis
36
other finding in traumatic hemolysis
schistocytes
37
casue of basophilic stippling(2)
thalassemia | lead poisonning
38
quid diamond blackfan anemia(2)
macrocytic anemia | congenital malformation in baby
39
Mc cune albright syndrome(4) 3 P
femme Puberte precoce pigmentation polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
40
what will happen in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
fracture a repetition
41
casue of stroke in children(4)
internal carotid dissection AF homocystinuria Todd paralysis
42
clue for homocystinuria(4)
Marfan's features thromboembolic event downward dislocation of the lens mental retardation
43
clue for marfans features(3)
long emaciated arms and legs arachnodactily hyperlaxity of the skin and joints
44
cause of homocystinuria
deficiency in cystathione synthetase
45
Dx test for homocystinuria(2)
high methionine | high homocysteine
46
Rx of homocystinuria
B6
47
failure of B6 in rx of homocystinuria
cysteine
48
quid of leucocoria in USMLE
white eye reflex
49
cause of leucocoria in kid
retinoblastoma until proven the contrary
50
occlusion in first 24 hr in infant(2)
hirsprung | meconium ileus
51
cause of meconium ileus
cystic fibrosis
52
cause of intestinal occlusion from 24 h to 1 month
volvulus of midgut
53
cause of intestinal occlusion > 1 month of age
stenose pylorique
54
cause of cyanosis from 24 h to 4 ans
tetralogy de Fallot
55
cause of osteogenesis imperfecta
deficiency in type 1 collagen synthesis
56
congenital disease with coarctation of aorta
turner syndrome
57
complication of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
puberte precoce
58
enzyme deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21 hydroxylase(CYP21A2)
59
baby with cyanosis during feeding and relieved by crying
choanal atresia
60
Dx of choanal atresia(2)
tube nasal | ct scan
61
Dx test for hereditary spherocytosis
osmotic fragility study
62
when to perform coombs test
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
63
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
64
next step when dx nephrotic syndrome in adult
biopsy renale
65
calculate APGAR score
``` A:appearance P:pulse G:grimace A:activity R:respiration ```
66
Monitoring Appearance in APGAR(3)
blue=0 blue pink=1 pink=2
67
Monitoring pulse in APGAR(3)
absent=0 | ,100=2
68
Monitoring grimace in APGAR(3)
absent=0 grimace,whimper=1 cough/cry=2
69
Monitoring activity in APGAR(3)
limp=0 flexion=1 spontaneous active=2
70
Monitoring respiration in APGAR(3)
absent =0 slow irregular=1 regular=2
71
Normal APGAR
7-9
72
abnormal APGAR
<7
73
patient with delayed separation of umbilical cord more than 30 days
leucocytes adhesion defect type 1
74
clue for leucocytes adhesion defect type 1
CD18 expression deficiency
75
risk in in baby whom mother taking cocaine during pregnancy
jejunal atresia
76
xray abdomen in jejunal atresia(2)
tripple bubble sign | gasless colon
77
xray showing double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
78
abdomen xray in hirsprung
dilated loops of bowel
79
how to diffenrenciate microcytic anemia caused by iron deficiency from thalassemia
RDW
80
Clue for Iron deficiency anemia using RDW
RDW>20 %
81
Normal RDW with microcytic anemia
thalassemia
82
cause arthropathy in hemophilic patient(2)
deposit of hemosiderrin | fibrosis
83
hemophilic patient cause
deficiency in factor 8 et 9
84
children between 4-10 with hip pain(2)
Legg calve Perthes disease | avascular necrosis of femoral head
85
Quid of measles
rubeola | rougeole en francais
86
quid of koplik spots
bluish white lesions on buccal mucous membranes next to first and second molars
87
gender in Mc cune albright syndrome
femme
88
pigmentation in Mc cune Albright syndrome
cafe au lait spot
89
gender in Lesh Nyhan syndrome
Male
90
clue for Lesh Nyhan Syndrome(3)
Male dystonia self mutilation
91
Gout in male children
Lesh Nyhan Syndrome
92
physiopatho in Lesh Nyhan Syndrome
hypoxanthine guanine phophoribosyl transferase
93
black stool in children
Meckel Diverticulum
94
difference between congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hyperandrogenism
virilization in women
95
Quid of macrosomia
> 4 kg
96
risk in macrosomia
clavicular fracture
97
how to recognize fetal alcoholic syndrome(3)
small palpebral fissures absence philtrum thin upper lip border= thin vermillon border
98
Quid of Edward's syndrome(5)
``` micrognatia microcephaly absent palmar creases rocker bottom feet overlapping fingers ```
99
heart complication of Edward's syndrome
VSD
100
chromosome problem in Edward syndrome
trisomy 18 | election age
101
Heart problem in trisomy 21
ASD
102
Heart problem in william's syndrome
supravalvular aortic stenosis
103
Heart problem in congenital rubella
PDA
104
young kid with stomatitis and cheilitis sore throat andscaly pathes on eyebrows cheek and nose and photophobia dx?
ariboflavinose
105
cause ariboflvinose in the US(3)
Anorexia nervosa Malabsorption syndrome Inborn defect in B2 synthesis
106
pain articulation in young kid(3)
Legg calve transient synovitis hemophilic arthropathy
107
infant with stridor acute respiratory distress toxic appearrance and fever first dx to think
epiglotitis
108
first step in epiglotitis
intubation
109
what to avoid in epiglotitis
never try to watch the epiglotte
110
Bloody diarrhea plus IR plus low platelet
HUS
111
cause of HUS in children
E coli 0157h7
112
how E coli causes HUS
by producing verotoxin
113
young kid with scrotal pain ,purpura and arthralgia
Henoch shonlein purpura
114
complication of Henoch shonlein purpura
intussiception ileoileale
115
age to have henock shonlein purpura
<15 ans
116
seizure in afebrile children with wide qrs complex dry oral mucosa and dilated pupils and hypotension
TCA intoxication to rule out
117
Rx of TCA intoxication
sodium bicarbonate
118
action of Hydroxyurea
Increase HB F
119
importance of hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease
prevention of painful crisis
120
clue for cystic fibrosis(2)
diarrhea | probleme respiratoire a repetition
121
breastfeeding contraindication(9)
``` herpes mammaire HIV TB varicella drug alcohol fetal galactosemia chemotherapy radiation ```
122
for TB when the mother can be allowed to breastfeed
2 weeks after debut of treatment
123
patient with blue eye and susceptibility to fracture
osteogenesis imperfecta
124
quid opalescent teeth
yellow teeth
125
disease with opalescent teeth
osteogenesis imperfecta
126
red eyes in children in the first 24 h(2)
iatrogenic | nitrate d'argent
127
red eyes in children in 2-5 days of birth
gonoccoque
128
rx of conjunctivitis caused by gonoccoque
ceftriaxone
129
red eyes in children 5- 24 jours of birth
chlamydia
130
rx for conjuctivitis induced by chlamidya
oral erythromycin
131
finding in severe combined immunodeficiency
low Lympho B and T
132
cause of post vermis syndrome(2)
medulloblastoma | astrocytoma
133
clue for scarlet fever(2)
sore throat | sand paper like appearrance
134
clue for 21 hydroxylase in children(newborn)(4)
high K+ low TA Low NA+ high 17 hydroxyprogesterone
135
clue for 11 B hydroxylase
high 11 deoxycortocosterone | HTA
136
cause of HTA in 11 B hydroxylase
HTA
137
cause of HTA in 17 alpha hydroxylase
high corticosterone
138
substance produced by adrenal cortex
G,F,R Aldoesterone=G fascicule=F reticule=androgen
139
clue for duchenne muscular dystrophy(2)
weakness in children before 5 | wheelchair bound before 5
140
clue for Becker muscular dystrophy
weakness in children after 5
141
strawberry tongue in USMLE
kawasaki
142
clue for Kawasaki(5)
``` Fever adenopathy extremities swelling red eyes skin erythema ```
143
syndrome coronarien in kid
kawasaki
144
rx of kawasaki(2)
aspirin and | immunoglobulin
145
genotype of turner
45 XO
146
gendre in turner
woman
147
complication of turner(2)
osteoprosis | coarctation of aorta
148
physiopatho in Marfan syndrome
mutation of the fibrillin -1 gene
149
vascular problem in Marfan
aortic root dilation
150
eye problem in marfan
upward dislocation of the lens
151
children with unsteady gait ,and myocarditis
friedrich ataxia
152
cause of T wave inversion(5)
``` MI Myocarditis Pericarditis digoxin toxicity Myocardial contusion ```
153
EKG in friedrich ataxia
T wave inversion
154
CAT in club foot
treat immediately
155
clue hyper IGM syndrome(2)
Low neutophils high IGM low IGA and IGG sinopulmonary infections and PCP pneumonia
156
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
Low IG M Low IG G Low IG A
157
finding in chronic pyelonephritis in children
focal parenchymal scarring and blunted calices
158
bugs in otite moyenne(3)
strep pneumo # 1 non typable H flu # 2 Moraxella catharalis # 3
159
consequence of vit D deficiency in children
rickets
160
epidemiology for rickets
black children
161
clue for Neuroblastoma in children(2)
high homovanillic acid | vanylilmandelic acid in urine
162
origin of neuroblastoma
neural crest cells
163
origin tumor de wills
metanephros
164
renal tumor in children(2)
neuroblastoma | tumor de wilms
165
murmeur in tetralogy of Fallot
squatting increases murmur
166
cardiac problem in Down syndrome(3)
endocardial cushion defect #1 or complete atrioventricular canal VSD ASD
167
clue for cyclic vomiting in children(2)
any cause can be found | history of migraine in the family
168
bug in rheumatic fever
strep group A
169
cause of NEC in baby
formula use
170
abdomen xray in NEC
pneumatosis intestinalis
171
quid of pneumatosis intestinalis
intramural air with dilated loops pof bowel
172
rx of prematurity anemia
fer
173
Lab for prematurity anemia(5)
``` mormochromic normocytic anemia low reticulocytes total normal bilirubin level ```
174
vasoocclusive manif in hand in sickle cell disease(2)
dactilytis | hand foot syndrome
175
early manif of vasooclusive crisis in SCD(2)
dactilytis | hand foot syndrome
176
quid of gastrochisis
no peritoneum covers the intestines
177
quid omphalocele
ombilic ring herniation covered by peritoneum
178
most common bugs causing pneumonia in cystic fibrosis(4)
Hi flu # 2 pseudomonas # 1 staph aureus # 4 strep pneumo #3
179
gram positive diplococci
strep pneumo
180
gram positive cooci in clusters
staph
181
gram negativ cocci
neisseria
182
gram positive rods
Lysteria monocytogenes
183
gram negative rods(4)
Pseudomonas Hi flu Klebsiella legionella
184
cause # 1 of bronchiolitis
VSR
185
risk future in bronchiolitis
asthma
186
risk in use of erythromycin in baby
hypertrophis pyloric stenosis
187
clue for Kartagena syndrome(3)
situs inversus reccurrent sinusitis bronchiectasis
188
risk for patient having received inactivated vaccine in 1960
can develop atypical measles
189
gold standard test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
genetic studies
190
number one cause of sepsis in sickle cell disease
Pneumococcus
191
important thing to do in premature baby
iron till 1 year old
192
consequence of cow milk consumption
anemia
193
red blood cells in intrauterine growth restriction
polycythemia
194
clue for congenital foot deformity
adduction of the foot
195
Rx for congenital foot deformity(2)
reassurrance | no cast
196
cardiac problem in congenital rubella(2)
PDA | ASD
197
clue for turner (3)
feme naine coarctation of aorta Miley cyrus concert
198
cardiac problem in Edward
VSD
199
bugs causing infection in chronic granulomatosis disease
catalase positive organism
200
quid of catalase positive organism(5)
``` SPACE S:STAPH AUREUS P:PSEUDOMANAS A:SPERGILUS CANDIDA ENTEROBACTERIACEA ```
201
quid of enterobacteriacae
klebsiella | .....
202
other name of laryngotracheobronchitis
croup
203
indication of epinephrine in respiratory problem(2)
croup | asthma
204
rx of in infection caused by pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis(2)
ceftazidine + gentamycine or ticarcilin + gentamycin
205
rx of CGD
gamma interferon
206
quid of henoch shonlein purpura
IGA vasculitis
207
how to prevent sudden infant death syndrome
supine position while sleeping
208
meaning of non pitting edema
lymphatic problem
209
why people with turner has edema in feet
lymphedema
210
kidney appearance in turner
horse shoe kidney
211
disease with webbed neck
turner syndrome
212
meaning of barking cough
croup
213
cause of barking cough
parainfluenza type 1
214
risk during delivery of macrosomia(3)
clavicle fracture brachial plexus injury perinatal asphyxia
215
intestinal malformation associated with chromosomal abnormality
dudenal atresia
216
risk in premature infant
intraventricular hemorrage
217
what disease you can perform gutry test
phenylketonuria
218
cause of avascular necrosis in children(3)
sickle cell disease corticosteroid alcoholism
219
immune thrombocytopenia and viral infection < 30 000 rx
corticosteroid
220
immune throbocytopenia and viral infection platelet 30 000
observation
221
dx digeorge syndrome(5)CATCH
``` conotruncal cardiac defects abnormal facies thymic aplasia cleft palate hypocalcemia ```
222
anomaly chromosomal in Digeorge
22q11,2
223
facies abnormaly in Digeorge(2)
low set ears | micrognatia
224
waiters tip attitude and erb duchenne palsy
atteinte C5 C6 C7 extended elbow pronated forearm flexed wrist and fingers
225
kid with failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap,high urine PH 7,9 cause of failure to thrive
renal tubular acidosis
226
kid with giardiasis in fection a repetition
genetic b cell deficiency
227
physiopatho in nieman pick disease
sphingomyelinase deficiency
228
quid of adrenarche
axillary hair growth
229
quid of pubarche
pubic hair growth
230
clue for bruton's agamma globulinemia(2)
low IGM IGG and IGA | Lymphocytes B absent
231
how's temperature in neonatal sepsis(2)
high 30 C | low <36 degree
232
jaundice in children cause(4)
breastmilk breast feeding sepsis hematologic problem
233
peak in jaundice caused by breastmilk
2 weeks
234
complication of galactosemia(2)
E coli neonatal sepsis | cataract in newborn
235
enzyme deficiency in galactosemia
galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase
236
cause of cirrhosis in neonate
galactosemia
237
period of infantile colic
< 4 months
238
cause of alkali ingestion intox
liquid oven cleaner
239
management of alkali ingestion(4)
no charbon no vinegar no lavage gastrique endoscopy
240
physiopatho od reye syndrome in aspirin ingestion in infant
hyperammonemia
241
advantage of breastfeeding in mother(7))
``` decreased the risk of breast cancer ovarian cancer more rapid uterine involution and post partum bleeding fastter return to prepartum weight improved maternal infant bonding imp[roved child spacing ```
242
advantage of breastfeeding in kid(5)
``` decreased risk of otite moyenne improve immunity prevention of respiratory illness decreased risk of NEC childhood cancer and type 1 diabetes prevent gastroenteritis ```
243
additionnal finding in atresia oesophagienne
tracheo esophageal fistula
244
clue for foreign body aspiration
wheezing in infant
245
best test in foreign body aspiration
bronchoscopy
246
enfant controle tete et cou a quel age
2 mois
247
controle du bassin(2)
4 mois | 6 mois
248
pull to stand a quel age
9 mois
249
stand and marche a quel age
12 mois
250
can say papa mama
9 mois
251
language of baby in 12 months(3)
mama papa plus one word
252
fine motor development in baby a 2 mois
ferme les mains
253
fine motor development in baby a 4 mois
ouvre mains
254
fine motor development in baby a 6 mois
passe objet d'une main a une autre
255
fine motor development in baby a 9 mois
pince a 3 doigts
256
fine motor development in baby a 12 mois
pince a 2 doigts
257
skin rash and vasomotor collapse during meningoccemia cause of death in children
adrenal gland failure
258
meningoccemia and adrenal failure percentage of death
100%
259
hemiplegia in infant after seizures that usually improves within 24 hours
Todd paralysis
260
seizure description in infant in the USMLE
sudden loss of consciousness with following disorientationand slow gain of consciousness
261
importanse of todds paralysis
there 's a structural abnormality underlying the seizure
262
patient with spasms 14 yo and swollen and erythemastous ombilical cord dx
tetanus neonatal
263
major source of protein in milk
whey
264
advantage of human mlik
more easily absorbs | improves gastric emptying
265
evolution of cephalematoma
resorb spontaneously wuthin weeks to 3 months
266
clue for drinking cow milk in USMLE
whole milk
267
clue for tetralogy de fallot(2)
tet spell | cyanosis during tet
268
cause of tet spells
sudden spasm of the right ventricular outflow tract during exertion
269
murmur in Fallot
crescendo decrescendo systolic murmur over the left upper sternal border
270
complication of praderr willi syndrome(4)
sleep apnea Type 2 diabetes mellitus gastric distension and rupture death by choking
271
howel jolly bodyes
nuclear remnant of red blood cell
272
congenital malformation in diamond blacfan diamond(4)
short stature webbed neck shieleded chest triphalangeal thumbs
273
lens dislocation in marfan syndrome
upward
274
lens dislocation in homocystinuria
down ward
275
what to do devant leukocoria
refer to ophtalmologist
276
clue for midgut volvulus(3)
child less than 1 month with bilious vomiting abdominal distension passage of bloodstained stools
277
development of child of 2 years(3)
speak in 2 words follow two steps command two quarters of speech intelligible
278
development of child of 3 years(3)
use three word sentences threequarters of speech intellible ride tricycle
279
complicationin severe type 2 osteogenesis imperfecta(4)
death in utero multiple intrauterine fracture blue sclera growth retardtion
280
patient with menigitidis requires urgent LP who must give consent for the procedure and why(2)
no consent is needed | it's an emergency procedure
281
emergent act with no need of consent(2)
intubation for respiratory failure | LP
282
xray finding in coarctation of the aorta
rib notching
283
cause of rib nocthing in coarctzation of aorta in turner
dilatation of the collaterals between the hypertensive chest walls vessels
284
characteristics of coarctation of aorta(2)
hypertension in upper part of the body | hypoperfusion in the lower part of the body
285
why continuous murmur on chest in coarctation of aorta
development of collaterals betweenthe hypertensive and hypoperfused vessels
286
young boy with bitemoral hemianopsia,symptom of intracranial pressure calcified lesion above the sella dx
craniopharyngioma
287
MRI with cystic calcified parasellar lesion
craniopharyngioma
288
clue for congenital adrenal hyperplasia late onset(non classic)(4)
advanced bone age coarse axillary and pubic hair severe cystic acne normal electrolytes
289
clue for peripheral precocious puberty(2)
low baseline levels of LH | no modification of LH after stimulation with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist
290
clue for classic CAH(3)
neonatal period manifestation adrenal insufficiency ambiguous genitalia
291
hemolytic anemia characteristics(5)
``` mild to moderate anemia reticulocytosis unconjugated bilirubinemia low to absent serum haptoglobin high lactate dehydrogenase ```
292
first step in children with meningitidis(2)
LP | followed by ceftriaxone plus vancomycine
293
when using imaging prior to LP(3)
focal neurologic finding coma history of neurosurgical surgery
294
local impetigo characteristics
vesiculopustular lesions golden yellow and encrusted
295
rx of impetigo
topical mupirocin
296
spherocytose hereditaire in new born(3)
hemolytic anemia jaundice splenomegaly increased mean corpuscular hb concentration
297
problem in hereditary spherocytosis
defect of red blood cell membrane | ankyrin gene abnormality causes spectrin defivciency
298
dx of spherocytosis(2)
high osmotic fragility in acidified glycerol lysis test | abnormal eosin5 maleimide binding test
299
rx of hereditary spherocytosis(3)
folic acid supplementation blood transfusions splenectomy
300
complication of hereditary spherocytosis(2)
pigment gallstones | aplastic crisis from parvovirus B19
301
hemiplegia in child after accident with pencil penetration in mouth at school
traumatic carotid artery dissection
302
consequence of trauma in the soft palate
risk of stroke in children
303
rx of minimal change
prednisone
304
during apgar evaluation baby has HR< 80 and irregular respiration APGAR a 5 /10 next step(2)
pulse oxymetry monitoring | positive pressure ventilation
305
clue for impaired leucocytes adhesion type 1(5)
delayed separation od umbilical cord reccurrent bacterial infections of skin and mucosal surfaces necrotic perriodontal infection no pus in inflamed or infected tissue leucocytosis with neutrophil predominance
306
maternal I drug user , baby with failure to thrive,lymphadenopathy,thrush dx
HIV infection
307
hiv testing in hiv drug use during pregnancy(2)
1 trimestre | 3e trimestre
308
xray in duodenal atresia
double bubble sign
309
cause of microcytic anemia in children
consumption of > 24 ounces per day of cow milk(700ml)
310
inheritance of hemophilia
Xlinked recessive
311
screening test of hemophilia(2)
coagulation studies | platelet count
312
rx of hemophilia
administration of factor 8 et 9
313
boy 4 -10 ans with hip and knee pain with insidious onset and antalgic gait.xray
legg calve perthes disease
314
adolescent with hip pain obese
slipped femoral capital epiphysis
315
when to suspect respiratory distress syndrome in premature infant(3)
premature infant with grunting flaring retraction immediately after birth
316
dx in prematured infant with respiratory distress
hyaline membrane disease
317
xray in hyaline membrane disease
fine reticular granularity
318
treatment of hyaline membrane disease
continuous positive air pressure ventilation
319
charactheristics of acquired aplastic anemia
everything is low=pancytopenia
320
cause of acquired aplactic anemia(2)
drugs | infectiom
321
drug causing acquired aplastic anemia
chemo | chloramphenicol
322
toxins causing aplastic anemia(2)
benzene | carbon tetrachloride
323
mode de contamination of measles
infected droplets from respiratory secretions
324
rash characteristic in measles(2)
cephalocaudal and | centrifugal spread
325
confirmatory dx of measles
PCR
326
complication of measles(4)
otitis media pneumonia neurologic gastroenteritis
327
neurologic complication of measles(2)
encephalitis within days | subacute sclerosing panencephalitis within years
328
premature child with seizures hypotension focal neurologic findings bulging and tense fontanel apna and bradychardia cause of symptoms
intraventricular hemmorage
329
what do to in any premature infant even if asymptomatic
transfontanel ultrasound
330
why gout in lesh nyhan syndrome
deficiency in hypoxanthine guanine phosphorybosil transferase
331
role of hypoxanthine guanine phosphorybosil transferase
purine metabolism
332
young boy with gout
lesh nyhan syndrome
333
clue for intussuception in USMLE
palpable cylindrical mass on the right side of the abdomen
334
patient with recurrent intussuception
rule out meckel
335
cause of intussuception(3)
recent viral illness rotavirus vaccination pathological lead point
336
quid of pathological lead point(5)
``` congenital malformation of the intestines like meckel henoch shonlein purpura celiac disease intestinal tumor polyps ```
337
clue for meckel(3)
suden intermittent abdominal pain currant jelly stools sausage shaped abdominal mass
338
dx of Meckel(3)
target sign on ultrasound technetium 99m pertechnetate scanning explorative laparoscopy
339
rx of intussuception(2)
enema | surgery for removal of lead point
340
management of cyanosis in fallot(2)
knee chest positionning | inhaled o2
341
definitive rx of Fallot
surgery before age of 6
342
the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21 hydroxylase deficiency
343
what will happen in 21 hydroxylase deficiency(2)
hyeperandrogenism=hirsutism | Plus virilism
344
clue for congenital adrenal hyperplasia(2)
elevated 17 hydroxyprogesterone | certain degree of dsalt wasting
345
most common cause of hyperandrogenism and oligo ovulation
PCOS
346
cause of hyperandrogenism en dehors de PCOS(6)
``` ovarian or adrenal tumors late onset of adrnal hyperplasia hyperprolactinemia hyperprolactinemia acromegaly cushing disease ```
347
hyperandrogenism plus high 17 hydroxyprogesterone
CAH
348
clue for acromegaly
high insulin like growth factor
349
clue for clavicular fracture in baby(2)
crepitus | moro reflex asymetric
350
consequence of hyperinsulinism in macrosome(2)
viceromegaly | fat accumulation
351
cause of intellectual disability(3)
fetal alcohol syndrome down syndrome fragile X syndrome
352
clue fragile x syndrome(5)
``` macroorchidism macrocephaly large ears long narrow face prominent forehead and chin ```
353
face of patient with down syndrome
flat facial profile slanted palpebral fissure small low set ears
354
body of patient with Down(4)
excessive skin at nepe of the neck single transvers palmar crease clinodactyly large space between the first 2 toes
355
2 yo kid with noisy breathing worsen when lying on his back or crying or feeding dx?
laryngomalacia
356
2 yo kid with noisy breathigh worset when lying on his back or crying way to confirm the dx
flexible laryngoscopy
357
flexible laryngoscopy of laryngomalacia(2)
collapse of supraglottic structures with inspiration | omega shape epiglottis
358
evolution of laryngomalacia
spontaneous resolution by age of 18 months
359
inspiratory stridor in laryngomalacia
noisy breathing
360
peak for laryngomalacia
4-8 mois
361
clue for hypothyroidism in infant(6)
``` baby normal at birth later apathy hypotonia sluggish movement abdominal bloating umbilical hernia ```
362
screening test in baby in the US(3)
hypothyroidism Phenylketonuria galactosemia
363
murmur in VSD
holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border
364
most common cause of congenital abnormality
VSD
365
best tes if you suspect VSD
echocardiography
366
evolution of vSD
75% des cas close spontaneously by age 2
367
blood stained odorless vaginal discherger in kid < 3 months next step
reassurrance
368
cause of vaginal discherge in infant
effect of maternal estrogen
369
how many doses a kid from 6 weeks to 6 years should receive
5 doses
370
patient in the past has febrile seizure when receiving DTP acellular can we give this patient hs 4 th dose and why (2)
yes | febrile seizure is not a contrindication for acellular pertussis
371
contrindication for further administration of pertussis(3)
immediate anphylaxia unstable neurologic disorder encephalopathy wthin a week administration of pertussis containing vaccines
372
child from 3-10 year old develops hip pain following rhinorrhea and intermittent cough xrayu is normal no history of fever is noted dx
transient synovitis
373
rx of transient synovitis(3)
Ibu rest follow up in 1 week
374
indicator to look at in dx septic arthritis
``` fever > 38.5 inability to bear weight wBC> 12000 ERS > 40 CRP>2.0 mg/dl ```
375
normal CRP
20 mg/l
376
why you should ask bilateral hip xray even if you suspect transient synovitis
to rule out leg calve perthes disease
377
patient presenting in consultation a 24 mois d'age with .cover test reveals moderate deviation of the left eye dx
strabismus
378
complication of strabismus
amblyopia
379
what to do in dx of strabismus
occlusion of the normal eye
380
cause of amblyopia(3)
strabismus errors of refraction opacity of the media along the visual axis
381
can you see a patient with epiglotittis like out patient
no because it's a medical emergency
382
patient dx with epiglotitis with respiratory distress next step
endotracheal intubation with a set up for tracheostomy
383
why you can 't encounter epiglotitis caused by HIB
because of vaccination
384
after bloody diarrhea patient develops anemia low platelet and renal insufficiency dx?
SHU
385
cause of SHU
E coli producing verotoxin
386
patient between 2-12 ans with bilateral lower extremities pain occurring at night bilateral with normal physical exam with normal activity leveldx?
growing pain
387
cause of growing pain
unknown
388
rx of growing pain(4)
observation parental reassurance massage over the counter pain medications
389
quid of purpura in USMLE
non blanching rash
390
pathogenesis of Henoch shonlein purpura(2)
IG A deposit in affected organs | immune mediated leukocytoclastic vasculitis
391
role in sodium bicarb in the rx of TCA intoxication(2)
correct the acidosis | narrow the qrs complex prolongation
392
patient presenting with microcephaly,hypotonia | short stature and cat like cry
cri du chat syndrome
393
weight loss in baby
up to 7% in the first 5 days
394
baby comes by the day five with weight loss of < 7% next step
continue exclusive breast feeding
395
baby comes by the day five with weight loss of > 7% next step(4)
assess for oromotor dysfunction assess for lactation failure daily weights consider formula supplementation
396
in vignette diaper with brick dust appearance or pink stains in baby with dehydration why
it's caused by uric acid crystals
397
when should a babay regain weight after losing weight during the 5 first days
entre 10 a 14 jours
398
cause of growth failure in cystic fibrosis
pancreatic insufficiency
399
cause of pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis(2)
inspissation | obstructionof pancreatic ducts
400
tests for cystic fibrosis(3)
Sweat chloride test genotyping fecal elastase
401
kid with growth failure and reccurrent respiratory infection
cystic fibrosis
402
contrindication of breast feeding maternal conditions(8)
``` active unrx TB maternal hiv infection herpetic breast lesions varicella infection < 5 days earlier or 2 dyas after delivery specific maternal medications chemo ongoing radiation active abuse of street drug or alcohol ```
403
when a mother on anti TB can begin to breast feed baby
2 weeks after beginning anti TB drugs
404
infants condition with contrindication of breastfeeding
galactosemia
405
clue for osteogenesis imperfecta(5)
``` autosomal dominant osteopenia blue sclerae hearing loss dentinogenesis imperfecta ```
406
quid of dentinogenesis imperfecta
opalescent blue gray to yellow brown discoloration caused by discolored dentin shining through the transluscent and weak enamel
407
what about intelligence in patient with osteogenesis imperfecta
normal intelligence
408
rx of neonatal conjunctivitis induced by gonoccoque
parenteral ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
409
rx of neonatal conjunctivitis induced by chlamydia trachomatis
oral erythromycin
410
characteristic of chlamydial neonatal conjunctivitis(2)
blood stained eye discharge | mucoid discharge
411
patient with reccurent sinopulmonary infections oral candidiasis persistent diarrhea absent lymp nodes Low B and T cells and natural killer absent thymic shadow dx
severe combined immunodeficiency
412
most 2 common tumor of posterior fossa(infratentorial tumor) in children(2)
astrocytoma | medulloblastoma
413
if a kid has a medulloblastoma what area of the brain will be most likely affected
cerebellar vermis
414
post vermis syndrome(4)
unbalanced gait trunk dystaxia horizontal nystagmus papilledema
415
vaginal discharge and enlargement of mammary glands in newborn infants next step?
observation
416
bugs causing scarlet fever
Group A streptococcus producing exotoxins
417
kid with sore throat ,fever sand paper rash stawberry tongue and circumoral pallor dx
scarlet fever
418
rx of choice of scarlet fever
penicillin V
419
first born boy 3 a 5 semaines de naissance with projectile nonbilious vomiting after feed physical exam reveals palpable olive shaped mass in the RUQ
pyloric stenosis
420
metabolic problem in pyloric stenosis(3)
hypochloremic hypokalemia metyabolic acidosis
421
dx of pyloric stenosis (2)
abdominal US | elongated and thickened pylorus
422
rx of choice of pyloric stenosis
pylotomyotomy
423
what to do before surgical rx of pyloric stenosis and why(2)
correct metabolic problem | sinon risque of post op apnea
424
characteristics in 21 hydroxylase deficiency(5)
``` anbiguous genitalia in girl salt wasting hypotension low NA+ high K+ ```
425
hormone abnormality in 21 hydroxylase deficiency(3)
low cortisol and aldosterone high testo high hydroxyprogesterone
426
characteristics in 11 B hydroxylase deficiency(3)
ambiguous genitalia in girls fluid and salt retention hypertension
427
hormone abnormality in 11 B hydroxylase deficiency(4)
low cortisol and aldosterone high testo high 11-deoxycorticosterone high deoxycortisol
428
characteristics in 17 @ hydroxylase deficiency(3)
all patients are female fluid and salt retention hTA
429
hormone abnormality in 17 2 hydroxylase deficiency(3)
low cortisol and testo high mineralocorticoids high corticosterone
430
first step in the management of choanal atresia(2)
placing oral airway | lavage feeding
431
definitive rx of choanal atresia(2)
repairing obstruction with surgery or with endoscopy
432
child less than 5 years with proximal muscles weakness gower sign and bilateral calf pseudohypertrophy dx
duchenne muscular dystrophy
433
quid of gower sign
patient uses hands to walk up the legs in order to stand up
434
cause of DMD
dystrophin gene deletion on XP 21
435
cause of death in DMD(2)
respiratory failure or heart failure
436
clue for kawasaki disease(6)
fever > ou egal a 5 jours plus > ou egal a 4 findings bilateral non exsudative conjunctivitis mucositis cervical lymph node with at least one > 1,5 in diameter erythematous polymorphous rash extremity changes( edema or erythema)
437
mucositis in kawasaki disease(3)
strawberry tongur injected or fissured lips injected pharynx
438
complication of kawasaki(2)
coronary artery aneurism | myocardial infarction and ischemia
439
rx of kawasaki(2)
aspirin plus IV immunoglobulin
440
role of aspirin and immunoglobulin in kawasaki
to reduce incidence of complications such as coronary artery aneurisms
441
clue for turner(4)
short height high arched palate widely spaced nipples 45 X0 karyotype
442
why osteoporosis in turner(2)
low estrogen levels | only one X chromosome involved in bone metabolism
443
patient with an autosomal dominant disorder presenting with tall stature,long and emaciated extremities,arachnodactyly hypermobility of joints upward lens dislocation aortic root dilation dx
Marfan syndrome
444
patient at risk for transposition of great vessels(2)
diabetic mother | males
445
physical examination in transposition of great vessels(2)
loud second heart sound | cyanosis
446
patietn with history of diabetes mellitus type 1 presents with conjonctival pallor and micrcytic anemia but no blood in feces examination.skin with vesicule erythemateuses symmetrically distributed over the extensor surfaces of elbows and knees .dx
celiac disease
447
extraintestinal manifestation on celiac disease in the vignette(3)
diabete type 1 dermatitis herpetiforme iron deficiency anemia
448
skin problem in celiac disease(2)
dermatite herpetiforme | vitiligo
449
endocrine problem in celiac disease(2)
``` diabete type 1 autoimmune thyroiditis (hypo ou hyper) ```
450
psychiatric problem in celiac disease(2)
depression | psychosis
451
musculoskeletal problem in celiac disease(2)
osteopenia/osteoporosis | osteomalacia
452
dx of celiac disease
upper GI andoscopy with biopsy of small intestine
453
marker of celiac
IG A antitissue transglutaminase
454
9 yo girl with unsteady gait and weakness in the lower limbs .On examination widebased gait and constant shifting of position to maintain her balance.you have decreased vibratory and position sense in lower extremities
friedrich ataxia
455
MRI in friedrich ataxia(2)
marked atrophy of cervical spinal cord | minimal cerebellar atrophy
456
what you should advise to mother with kid suffering from friedrich ataxia
prenatal counselling if the mother desires any future pregnancy
457
quid of friedrich ataxia(2)
autosomal recessive | abnormality in tocopherol transfer protein
458
infectious protection by sickle cell trait
severe complication of malaria
459
differenciate hyper IGM syndrome from xlinked agammaglobulinemia(3)
in hyper IgM syndrome opportunistic infection+++ neutropenia high IGM levels
460
risk factor for chronic pyelonephritis
vesicoureteral reflux
461
clinical feature of media otitis(2)
middle ear effusion\ | bulging tympannic membrane
462
complication of otitis media(3)
conductive hearing loss mastoiditis meningitis
463
rx of otitis media(2)
amox or amox clavulanate
464
risk factor for media otitis in children(4)
age 6-36 months formula intake exposure to cigarette smoke upper respiratory infection
465
Ct for mastoiditis(2)
no air in mastoid air cells | they are opacified
466
patient 11 months with pliable skull bones,bony prominences of costochondral junctions genu varum cause of these findings(2)
nutritionnal deficiency | vit D
467
costochondral joint hypertrophy in rickets quid?
rachitic rosary
468
genu varum in rickets
femoral and tibial bowing
469
risk factor for Vit D deficiency(4)
increasd skin pigmentation(black) exclsive breastfeeding inadequate sun exposure maternal vit D deficiency
470
pliable skull bones with step offs in rickets or ping pond ball skull
craniotabes
471
xray in rickets
metaphysal cupping and fraying of long bones
472
rx of rickets
Vit D 1000-2000 UI daily
473
most common form of cerebral palsy seen in premature infants
spastic diplegia
474
quid of spastic displegia(4)
hypertonia hyperreflexia involving lower extremities clasp knife
475
quid of clasp knife in cerebral palsy
resistance to passive muscle movement increases with more rapid movement of the affected extremity
476
leading cause of cerebral palsy
prematurity
477
other causes of cerebral palsy(7)
``` intrauterine growth restriction intrauterine infection antepartum hemorrage placental pathology multiple gestation maternal alcohol consumption maternal tobacco use ```
478
rx of cerebral palsy in spasticity(2)
baclofen and | botulinum toxin
479
comorbidities associated with cerebral palsy(4)
intellectual disability epilepsy strabismus scoliosis
480
localisation of neuroblastoma(2)
adrenal gland | any location along the paravertebral sympathetic chains
481
quid of neural crest cells
precursor cells of the sympathetic chains and adrenal medulla
482
CT or Xray in neuroblastoma(2)
calcifications | hemorrage
483
quid of metanephros
embryologic precursor of renal parenchyma
484
quid of metabolites of cathecholamines found in neuroblastoma(2)
HVA | VMA
485
key physical exam for down syndrome(5)
``` upslanting palpebral fissures epicanthal folds brushfield spots single transverse crease sandal gap toes ```
486
GI problem associated with Down(2)
duodenal atresia | hirshprung disease
487
neurocognitive problem associated with Down syndrome(2)
intellectual disability | early onset alzheimer
488
hematologic problem associated with Down syndrome
acute leukemia
489
endocrine problem associated with Down syndrome(2)
hypothyroidism | type 1 diabetes mellitus
490
musculoskeletal problem associated with Down syndrome(2)
atlantoaxial instability
491
porcentage of down with heart problem
50%
492
what age down syndrome patient will have heart failure
around 6 weeks
493
auscultation finding in heart failure in patient with down
S2 due to pulmonary hypertension
494
patient with circular rash after trip in connecticut dx
lyme disease
495
prevention of lyme in lyme endemic area(2)
wear permethrin treated pants | long sleeved shirts
496
7 yo girl comes for vomiting,this is the 3 episode the last two were self limiting .Physical exam is ok dx
cyclical vomiting
497
parental antecedent for children with cyclical vomiting
migraine in parents
498
patient with severe dehydration IV line can be found next step
intraosseous access
499
how long can you use an intraosseous access
24 a 48 heures
500
patient with difficulty writting and jerky movements,days later he has sore throat but now has low grade fever.pericardial friction,a subcutaneous nodules over the hands dx?
rheumatic fever
501
cause of rheumatic fever
Group A streptococus
502
5 major criterai in jones criteria(5)
``` polyartritis carditis chorea subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum ```
503
3 minor criteria for jones
fever athralgia previous rheumatic fever
504
dx of rheumatic fever(3)
one major pour 2 minor or two major plus detection af antistreptolysin antibodies or cultures or varrious antigens detection
505
rx of rheumatic fever
PNC G
506
2 day old baby is seen with irritabilioty,high pithed cry,poor sleeping tremors,seizures sweating sneezing tachypnea poor feeding vomiting and diarrhea dx
neonatal abstinence syndrome
507
drug involved in neonatal abstinence syndrome(2)
heroin | methadone
508
time of apparition of neonatal abstinence syndrome(2)
48 h after birth for heroin withdrawal | 48 a 72 h for methadone withdrawal
509
clue for NEC(5)
``` newborn with abdominal distension bloody diarhea and leucocytosis after introduction of formula feeding ```
510
clue for craniopharyngyoma(3)
young boy with increased intracranial pressure bitemporal hemianopsia calcified lesion above the sella
511
clue for cranyopharyngioma
cystic clcified parasellar lesion on MRI
512
cause of anemia in premature infant(4)
transition in the erythropoiesis sites of the neonate shorter red blood cells in neonates diminished fetoplacental transfusion blood loss
513
black child 9 month old with augmentation de volume des pieds et mains et douleur dx
dactylitis caused by sickle cell anemia
514
pathophysiology of dactilytis
vaso occlusive phenomena
515
what the earliest manif of vasoocclusive disease in sickle
dactylitis
516
neonate seen in with matted mass of edematous bowel loops protruding from the abdomen .There is no covering ovr the bowel loops dx
gastrochisis
517
gastrochisis next step after the DX
sterile saline dressing and wrapping of exposed bowel
518
characteristics of gastrochisis(4)
bowel protrude through a defect on the right side of the ombilical cord bowel is not covered by protective membrane bowel looks angry and matted no other abnormalities associated
519
characteristics of omphalocele(3)
intera abdominal contents through the umbilical ring bowel is covered with amnioperitoneal membrane associated with other abnormalities(heart ,kidney)
520
patient with omphalocele what other organ to look at(2)
heart | kidney
521
why you should wrap and dress bowel in gastrochisis(2)
to minimize heat loss | and fluid loss
522
most common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
523
mode de transmission de cystic fibrosis CF
autosomal recessive
524
why bronchiectasia in CF
recuurrent pneumonia
525
quid of clubbing
bulbing enlargement of the tips of digits
526
cause of clubbing in CF
chronic hypoxia
527
appearance of thorax in CF
barrel chest
528
3 phases in developping bordetella pertussis(3)
catarrhal phase paroxysmal phase convalescent phase
529
whooping chronic cough in kid with delayed immunization with posttussive emesis
bordetela pertussis infection
530
clue for catarrhal phase in pertussis(2)
mild cough | rhinitis
531
clue for paroxysmal phase in pertussis(4)
coughing paroxysm lasting 20 a 30 mn inspiratoty whoop staccato cough posttussive emesis
532
clue for convalescent phase in pertussis(2)
cough | posttussive emesis resolve
533
duration of paroxysmal phase
4-6 weeks
534
dx pf pertussis(2)
PCR | pertussis culture
535
hemogramme in pertussis
lymphocyte predominant leukocytosis
536
complication of pertussis(6)
``` pneumonia weight loss subconjonctival hemorrage pneumothorax respiratory failure death ```
537
rx of pertussis
macrolides
538
macrolides used in pertussis(3)
azythromycin erythromycin clarythromycin
539
what age you can have death in infant with pertussis
less than 6 months
540
the only way to prevent chlamydial conjunctivitis in neonates
maternal prenatal testing
541
clue for duchenne muscular dystrophy(3)
bilateral calf pseudohypertrophy gower sign mx weakness
542
transmission of Duchenne
x linked recessive transmission
543
screening of Duchenne muscular dystrophy(2)
elevated serum creatine phosphokinase | elevated aldolase levels
544
dx support of duchenne(2)
fibrosis | fatty infiltration in biopsy
545
gold standard to confirm the dx of DMD
genetic studies
546
risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in kid(3)
cow's milk before 12 months prematurity maternal iron deficiency
547
why you should introduce vit D to all chldren exclusively breastfed during first month of life
human milk does not contain enough VIT D to meet daily requirement of the infant
548
dose of VIT D to give in infant exclusively breast fed
400 UI
549
quid of small for gestationnal age infant for age
weight under 10 th percentile for gestationnal age at birth
550
complication of small gestationnal age child(5)
``` hypoxia polycythemia hypoglycemia hypothermia hypocalcemia ```
551
classification of intrauterine growth restriction(2)
symmetrical | assymetrical
552
clue for symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction
head weight and head are equally affected
553
clue for asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction
weight is affected more than height and head circumference
554
quid of metatarsal adductus(2)
deformity of foot | adduction of the anterior aspect of the foot with convex lateral border and concave medial border
555
rx of metatarsal adductus
reassurrance
556
rx of internal torsion of tibia in infant
reassurrance
557
baby 4 months old with blue macules on buttocks and and lower back (2)
mongolian spot | also called congenital dermal melanocytosis
558
epidemiology of mongolian spots(4)
african asian hispanic native american
559
evolution of mongolian spots
fades spontaneously in the first decade of life
560
is mongolian spot dangerous
no its benign
561
triad for congental rubella(german measles)(3)
sensorineural deafness cardiac defects cataracts
562
complication of first trimaester rubella(2)
spontaneous abortion | congenital rubella syndrome
563
clue cataract in USMLE
leukokoria
564
cardiovascular anomaly in turner
bicuspid aortic valve
565
face and neck of turner patient(3)
narrow high arched palate low set ears low hairline webbed neck
566
chest of turner(3)
broad chest with widely spaced nipples coarctation of aorta bicuspid aortic valve
567
abdomen of turner
horse shoe kidney
568
limbs of turner(2)
cubitus valgus | short stature
569
pelvis of turner(3)
streak ovaries amenorrhea infertility
570
why echo coeur should be done in patient with turner(3)
to dx bicuspid aortic valve coarctation of aorta aortic root dilation
571
dx of chronic granulomatus disease(3)
nitro blue tetrazolium slide test flow cytometry cytochrome c reduction
572
Rx of CGD(2)
daily TMS | gamma inrterferon 3 f jour
573
patient with recurrent or unusual lymphadenitis hepatic abcess or osteomyelitis at multiple sites or infection with catalase positive organisms
CGD
574
patient seen in emergency with barking cough and difficulty respiratoire DX
croup
575
first thing to do in croup
racemic epinephrine before any invasive procedure
576
pneumonia plus influenza in young children with CF, bugs in cause
staphyloccocus aureus
577
medication to use in patient with cystic fibrosis in a context of influenza
vancomycin
578
most common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis in young children
staph aureus
579
most common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis in adult
pseudomonas aeruginosa
580
Henoch shonlein purpura clue(4)HSP
lower extremity purpura athralgias and arthritis coliky abdominal pain reenal involvement
581
why coliky abdominal pain in HSP
local vasculitis
582
dx of HSP
clinical
583
dx of HSP in atypical presentation
renal biopsy
584
renal biopsy in HSP
deposition of IGA in the mesangium by immunofluorescence
585
peak of incidence sudden infant death syndrome
1 month and 1 year in the US
586
cause of edema in turner syndrome
lymphedema
587
cause of lymphedema in turner
dysgenesis of the lymphatic network
588
kid with with ascending symmetric flaccid paralysis in both legs absent deep tendon treflexes and decreased superficial touch and vibratory senses.dx
guillain barre
589
structures affected in guillain barre
peripheral motor nerves
590
albumino cytologic dissociation dx
guillain barre syndrome
591
rx of Guillain barre(2)
plasmapheresis or human immunoglobulin
592
cause of GBS
most of the time follows viral infection
593
macrosome with clavicle fracture next step
reassurrance and gentle handling
594
period of time for healing clavicle fracture
7-10 jours
595
prema with neurologic symptoms
intraventricular hemorrage
596
risk for intracerebral hemorrage in prema(2)
< 30 semaines de gestation | or <1500 g
597
screening test for intracerebral hemorrage in prematurity
serial head ultrasounds
598
clue for intracerebral hemorrage(4)
rapidly increasing head circumference bulging fontanel hypotonia lethargy
599
cranial ultrasound of intraventricular hemorrage in prema(2)
bilateral IVH | dilated ventricles
600
why communicating hydrocephalus in intracerebral hemorrage
accumulation of blood in subarachnoid space impaitr the ability of the arachnoid villi to absorb cerebrospinal fluid
601
main problem in phenylketonuria(2)
deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase | accumulation of phenylalanine in the blod and body tissues
602
screening test for phenylketonuria
gutrie test
603
clue for phenylketonuria(4)
faitr hair and skin blue eyes eczematous changes urine with mousy odor
604
what to avoid in phenylketonuria
protein
605
12 yo with back pain with or without incontinence ,physical exam reveals step off of lumbosacral area dx
spondylisthesis
606
physiopatho of spondylisthesis
developmental disorder with forward slip of vertebra usually L5 over S1
607
6 yo with down syndrome presents urinary incontinence,hyptonic and hyperreflexia wit positive babinski
atlanto axial instability
608
cause of atlanto axial instability in down syndrome
excessive laxity in the post transverse ligament causing increased mobility between atlas C1 ant the axis C2
609
upper motor neuron findings in patient presenting with down syndrome
atlantoaxial instability
610
children with inattention impulsivity and hyperactivity in 2 or more settings dx
deficit hyperactivity syndrome disorder
611
patiuetn with sickle cell disease presents with pain in his right hip that started several days ago dx
avascular necrosis
612
cause of avascular necrosis(6)
``` sickle cell disease SC hemoglobin disease corticosteroid therapy SLE alcoholism' Gaucher disease ```
613
physiopatho of aeptic necrosis in sickle cell disease(3)
occlusion of end arteries supplying the femoral head bone necrosis colapse of the periarticular bone and cartilage
614
children with isolated thrombocytopenia and petechiae after viral infection dx
immune thrombocytopenia
615
children with isolated thrombocytopenia and petechiae after viral infection next step
observation regardless the level of platelet
616
children with isolated thrombocytopenia and petechiae after viral infection ,experiencing bleeding next step(2)
IV glucorticoids or IV immunoglobulin
617
physiopatho of immune purpura(2)
antibody binds to platele | destruction of complex antibody-platelet-in spleen
618
period of time to recover from immune purpura
6 months
619
hemogram in measles(2)
leukopenia(T cell cytopenia) | thrombocytopenia
620
what seem to decrease the morbidity and mortality in measles
vit A
621
regression of milesstones after meningitis cause of that
meningitis
622
neurologic sequelae associated with bacterial meningitis(5)
``` hearing loss loss of cognitive functions seixures mental retardation spasticity or paresis ```
623
principal risk in Digeorge
hypocalcemia
624
tests to ask if youb suspect Digeorge(2)
serum calcium levels | echocardio
625
risk associated with hypocalcemia(3)
tetany seizures arrythmia
626
complication of absent thymus in Digeorge
T cell lymphopenia
627
complication of T cell lymphopenia(2)
viral | fungal infection
628
bay born with cyanosis,tremulation,low set ears,micrognatia and cleft palate.No thymic shadow in chest xray DX
Digeorge syndrome
629
macrome presenting with right upper extremity held in adduction and rotation interne,with the elbow pronated and wrists and fingers flexed,moro and biceps reflexes absent bilateraly next step in the management in the patient and dx
Erb Duchenne | reassurance about prognosis
630
maternal risk factor for macrosomia
``` advanced age diabetes excessive weight gain during pregnancy preexisting obesity multiparity ```
631
fetal risk factor for macrosomia(3)
african american or hispanic ethnicity male sex post term pregnancy
632
evolution of erb duchenne
80 % spontaneous recovery within 3 months
633
quid of renal tubular acidosis
inability for renal tubules to reabsorb bicarb or excrete hydrogen
634
quid of type 1 renal tubular acidosis
defect in hydrogen secretion
635
cause of type 1 renal tubular acidosis
genetic disorder
636
metabolic problem in type 1 renal tubular acidosis(4)
acidotic hypokaliemic high PH urinaire nephrolithiasis commonly develops
637
quid of type 2 renal tubular acidosis
decreased bicarb reabsorbtion in proximal tubule
638
cause of type 2 renal tubular acidosis
Fancony syndrome
639
quid of type 4 renal tubular acidosis
defect in sodium potassium exchange in the distal tubule
640
metabolic problem in type 4 renal tubular acidosis(2)
hyperkaliemie | hyperchloremie
641
cause of type 4 renal tubular acidosis(3)
obstructive uropathy renal disease multiplastic dysplastic kidneys
642
patient with less than 3 yo with impairment of social interaction and communication delayed language and stereotypical behaviors
autism
643
what will need patient with autism
behavioral and educationnal programs
644
patient with respiratory distress ,examination reveals nasal falring grunting,and barre shaped chest.auscultation reveals absent breath sounds in the left abdomen is scphoid .chest xray shows devation pf the heart in the right and gasless abdomen dx ?
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
645
next after dx of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
endotracheal intubation
646
complication of diaphragmatic hernia(2)
pulmonary hypoplasia | pulmonary hpertension
647
sites of diaphragmatic hernia in the chest(2)
85% in the left | 15 % in the right
648
why polyhydramnios in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
esophageal compression
649
consequence of abdominal viscera in the chest(2)
concave abdomen | barrel shaped chest
650
congenital diaphragmatic hernia with respiratory distress
emergency intubation
651
why you cannot use blow by oxygen and bag and mask ventilation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
you will pump air in the intestines ,and further compromise the pulmonary function
652
why after intubation in diaphragmatic hernia ,gastric tube should be used
to decompress the stomach and bowel
653
in vignette patient after 6 months of age with reccurrent sinopulmonary infections and giardiaisis, DX
abnormal B lymphocyte maturation
654
problem with genetic B cells deficiency(2)
ressurrent infections after 6 months with encapsulated organisms lack of IGA predisposes to infection
655
clue for Nieman pick disease(5)
``` cherry red macula protruding abdomen hepatosplenomegaly lymphadenopathy regression of developmental milestones ```
656
complication of sphingomyelinase deficiency in Nieman pick
sphingolipidosis
657
risk of premature adrenarche(2)
obesity | hispanic and black ethnicities
658
risk in patient with isolated premature adrenarche(3)
PCOS Diabete type 2 metabolic syndrome
659
cause of premature adrenarche
early activation of adrenal androgen relaease
660
characteristics premature (5)
``` pubic hair axillary hair acne body odor in girls before 8 for girl before 9 for boy ```
661
role of adipocytes during obesity(2)
increase secretion of insulin | increase secretion of leptin
662
consequence of increased insulin secretion in obesity(2)
increase adrenal production---->periphera activation of adrenarche increase ovarian estrogen production------->peripheral activation of thelarche
663
consequence of leptin secretion in obesity
axctivation of the axis hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis------->central activation of puberty-----> LH ans FSH release --->ovarian stimulation and estrogen production
664
patient with reccurrent sinopulmonary infection with deceased IGA,IGM IGD and IGG absence circulating B cells Dx
bruton's agammaglobulinemia
665
transmission of Bruton agammaglobulinemia
X linked recessive
666
differenciation between Bruton and common varable immunodeficiency(3)
CVID occurs later 15-35 ans CVID no decrease or no absence of Lymphocytes B circulant in CIVD all gender can be touched by the disease
667
male 6-9 ans with recurrent sino pulmonary infection
Brutons agammaglobulinemia
668
most common cause of neonatal jaundice
breastfeeding jaundice breast milk jaundice sepsis
669
when to suspect neonatal sepsis(3)
fever or hypothermia ictere neurologic symptom
670
patient with ictere and neurologic symptom and hypothermia next step(2)
PL | blood culture
671
patient with ingestion battery plain xray shows battery in esophagus next step?
immediate endoscopic removal
672
why you should remove battery in esophagus
to prevent mucosal damage and esophageal ulceration
673
patient with ingestion battery plain xray shows battery in distal to esophagus next step?
observe stool
674
newborn with failure to thrive,bilateral cataracts,jaundice and hypoglycemia DX
galactosemia
675
whta to do after dx galactosemia
elimination of galactose in from the diet
676
healthy infant crying for than three hours a day, more than three days a week and more than 3 weeks a month
colic
677
rx of infantile colic
simethicone or probiotics
678
steatorrhea in USMLE
oily and nasty smelling stools
679
gold standard test for cystic fibrosis
swaet testing by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis
680
why you can have ADEK deficiency in cystic fibrosis(2)
because of pancreatic insufficiency | no absorption of fat soluble vit
681
consequence of ADEK deficiency
A=Night blindness D=ricket E=neuropathy K=coagulapathy
682
value of chloride to confirtm the DX of CF
> ou egal a 60 mmol /l on 2 separate occasions
683
organ always involved in Cystic fibrosis(2)
respiratory tract and Pancreas
684
problem in cystic fibrosis
defective chloride transport results in inpissated secretions in multiple organs
685
clue for CF(3)
steatorrhea failure to thrive respiratory infections
686
step in management of children after ingestion of oven cleaner liquid(4)
ABC assessment remove contaminated clothing chest xray if respiratory symptom endoscopy within 24 hours
687
when to perform upper endoscopy after alkali ingestion
within 24 hours
688
risk for delay in performing upper endoscopy in alkali ingestion
risk of perforation during procedure
689
quid of alkali ingestion
oven cleaner liquid
690
complication of alkali ingestion(5)
``` uppper airway compromise perforation stricture /stenosis(2-3 weeks) ulcers cancer ```
691
what to not do if alkali ingestion
try to neutralize the alkali with vinegar or lavage
692
symptom in reye syndrome and lab finging(6))
``` vomiting increased AST and ALT PT prolonged Normal bilrubin hyperammonemia hypoglycemia ```
693
context for reye syndrome
chil less than 15 years treated with salycilates after viral infection
694
Ct scan in reye syndrome
cerebral edema
695
viral infection and fever
no salycylates
696
biopsy of liver in reye syndrome
microvesicular steatosis
697
newborn with choking spell and coughing after first feeding
atresia oesophagienne with possible fistule tracheo esophagienne
698
what will happen in attempting to pass a nasogastric tube in case of esophageal atresia
xray will show the tube in proximal esophageal pouch
699
why you can have pneumonia par aspiration in esophageal atresia
gastric reflux can go into the distal esophagus through the fistula and into trhe trachea and lungs
700
prenatl clue for osophageal atresia
polyhydramnios
701
toddler with sudden onset respiratory istress bwith focal findings in auscultation
foreign body aspiration
702
why chest xray is limited in foreihn body aspiration
because most object are radioluscent
703
next step in foreign body aspiration
bronchoscopy
704
most common aspirated foreign body*3)
peanuts popcorn pieces of toys
705
physical exam in foreign body aspiration(2)
focal monophonis wheezing on affected side | diminished aeration on affected side
706
gross motor in 2 months
lift head/chest in prone position
707
gross motor in 4 months(12)
sits with trunk suppotrt | begins rolling
708
gross motor in 6 months
sits momentarilypropped on hands( unsupported by 7 months)
709
gross motor in 9 months(2)
pull to stand | cruises
710
gross motor in 9 month(3)
stands well walks first steps independently throws ball
711
fine motor in 2 months(2)
hands unfisted 50 % of the time | track past midline
712
fine motor in 4 month(2)
hands mostly open | reaches midline
713
fine motor in 6 month(2)
transfers objects hand to hand | raking grasp
714
fine motor in 9 month(2)
3 finger pincer grasp | hold bottle or cup
715
fine motor in 12 month
2 finger pincer grasp
716
language in 2 month(2)
alerts to voice and sound | coos
717
language in 4 month(2)
laughs | turn to voice
718
language in 6 month(2)
responds to name | babble
719
language in 9 month
say dada mama
720
language in 12 month
say first words
721
social cognitive in 2 months(2)
social smile | recognizes parents
722
social cognitive in 4 months
enjoys looking around
723
social cognitive in 6 months
stranger anxiety
724
social cognitive in 9 months(2)
wave bye | plays pat a cake
725
social cognitive in 12 months(2)
separation anxiety | comes when called
726
what a 6 month baby can do(4)
should be able to sit momentarily transfer objects from hand to hand respond to name stranger anxiety
727
language development in 2 yo child(3)
vocabulary of hundred words able to combine words into short sentences half of the baby speech should be understood by stranger
728
neonate with painless bloody stools dx
milk or soy protein proctocolitis
729
what to do in soy protein proctocolits(2)
elimination of soy and dairy product in mama diet | initiation of hydrolysed formula in formula fed children
730
symptoms of soy protein proctocolitis(3)
severe reflux or vomiting painless bloody stools eczema
731
peak of apparition of soy protein proctocolits and prognosis(2)
2 a 8 semaines | resolution by age of one
732
neonatal jaundice with conjugated bilirubinemia DX
neonatal cholestasis
733
indication for further evaluation of jaundice(6)
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia > 2 mg/dl jaundice that apperas in the first 24-36 hours of life serum bilirubin greater than 12 mg/dl in full term infantor 10-14 in preterm infant jaundice persist after 10-14 days of life the presence of sign and symptom serum bilirubin rising at a rate faster than 5 mg/24 hours
734
cause of neonatal cholestasis in infant
biliary atresia
735
quid of friedrich ataxia
the most common spinocerebellar ataxia
736
triad of friedrich(3)
neurologic (atxia and dysarthria) skeletal(scoliosis, foot deformities cardiac(concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
737
cause of death in friedrich(2)
cardiomyopathy respiratory failure
738
speech difficulty in USMLE
dysartria
739
hammer toe
friedrich
740
quid of overlapping finger s in edwards
third and the 5 th overlaping the 4 th
741
dx diffrentiel of flaccid pralysis in kid(3)
infant botulism foodborne botulism guillain barre syndrome
742
pathogenis of infant botulism
ingestion of clostridium spores from environmental dust
743
pathogenis of food borne botulism
ingestion of preformed C botuinum toxin
744
pathogenis of Guillain barre syndrome
autoimmune peripheral nerve demyelination
745
differentiate GBS and botulism(2)
descending flaccid paralysis in botulism | ascending flaccid paralysis in GBS
746
rx of infant botulism
human derived botulism immune globulin
747
rx of food borne botulism
equine derived botulism immune globulin
748
rx of GBS
pooled human immune globulin
749
clue for infant botulinism(4)
constpation hypotonia bulbar palsies no honey feeding
750
what to do in neonates in term of screening
hip dysplasia
751
maneuver to screen hip dysplasia(2)
barlow and 'orthelani
752
next step if you feel palpable clunk during maneuvers in screening of hip dysplasia
referral to orthopedic surgeon
753
hip dysplasia suspected soft click during barlow and orthelani or asymmetric inguinal skin folds or leg lenght discrepancy (2)
Ultrasound in < 6 mois | Xrays > ou egal a 4 a 6 mois
754
rx of choice for hip dysplasia in kid >< 6 months
pavlik hip harness
755
complication of hip discrepancy
limp=trndelenburg gait
756
risk in supracondylar fracture
brachial artery injury
757
consequence of brachial artery injury
loss of radial artery pulse
758
what to in household with one person with pertussis even if the contact has received immunizations
prescribe macrolide antibiotic for all households contacts
759
pertussis rx and post exposure prophylaxis in person < 1 an
azytromycin for 5 days
760
pertussis rx and post exposure prophylaxis in person > 1 an(3)
azytromycin for 5 days clarythromycin for 7 days erythromycin for 14 days
761
basics in post exposure prophylaxis for pertussis(3)
rx regardless of age statut immunitaire symptoms
762
clue for nursemaid's elbow
infants or children whenare lifted or pulled by the hand or arm you have rasdial head subluxation
763
clue for nursemaids elbow
child keeps hand in a pronated position and refuses attempted forearm supination
764
clue for fragile X syndrome(6)
``` low to normal IQ generalised language disability short attention span large head prominent jaw large low set ears macroorchidism ```
765
cause of mental retardation in fragile X syndrome
increased number of CGG trinucleotide repeats
766
overweight adolescent 10-16 yo with hip pain dx
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
767
rx of slipped femoral capital epiphysis
immediate surgical screw fixation
768
complication untreated slipped capital femoral epiphysis
avascular necrosis
769
xray slipped capital femoral epiphysis
glissement du reste de la tete humeral asur l'epiphyse
770
xray slipped legg calve
lyse of the head of femur
771
developmental milestone in child by age of 12 months(6)
``` they should triple weight height should be increased by 50% walk independently using 2 pincre grasps saying few words like mama dada imitate action of others ```
772
Ct scan finding in congenital toxo(3)
inflammatory lesions hydrocephalus intracranial calcificaions
773
triad for congenital toxo(3)
chorioretinitis hydrocephalus intracranial calcifications
774
clue for von gierke(8)
``` hypoglycemia lactic acidosis hyperuricemia hyperlipidemia doll like facies thin extremities short stature protuberant abdomen ```
775
Age for von gierke
3 -4 month
776
why seizure in von gierke
hypoglycemia
777
why protuberant abdomen in von gierke (*2)
enlarged liver and kidney
778
physiopatho for von gierke
glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency
779
quid of von gierke
type 1 collagen storage disease
780
what to do if apgar is 8 in infant (3)
removal of airway secretions drying and keeping him warm early preventive measures
781
first thing to do in neonates
APGAR calculation
782
quid of early preventives measure in newborn(2)
gonococcal ophtalmia prevention | vit K supplementation
783
first step in children with speech delay
audiology evaluation
784
confirmatory test for SLE(2)
anti SM | anti DsDNA
785
risk factor for pyloric stenosis(3)
first born boy erythromycin formula feeding
786
why peak of incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
age 3-5 weeks
787
dx of pyloric stenosis clinic(2)
projectile nonbilious vomiting | olived shaped presentation
788
lab finding in infantile pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
789
paraclinic dx in infantile pyloric stenosis
abdominal ultrasound
790
finding in infantile pyloric stenosis
thick and elongated pylorus
791
physiopatho of formula feeding inducing pyloric hypertrophy(2)
slower gastric emptying | increase burden stimulates growth of the pylorus muscle
792
2 day baby with jaundice mother A positive and negative screening for GBS during pregnancy.lab show 7 mg/dl bilirubin with 0.4 conjugated bilirubin Dx
physiologic jaundice
793
peak of incidence of physiologic jaundice
2-4 days of life
794
resolution of physiologic jaundice
1-2 weeks
795
physiopatho of physiologic jaundice(3)
increased bilirubin production due to high Hb turn over decreased bilirubin clearance increased enterohepatic cycling
796
why in newborn you can have decreased bilirubin clearance
decreased hepaticuridine diphosphoglucuronate transferase activity until age 2 weeks
797
why in asian newborn you can have decreased bilirubin clearance
Asian have decreased UGT activity
798
why enterohepatic cycling is increased in new born
because sterile newborn gut
799
possible complication of physiologic jaundice
kernicterus
800
indication of exchange transfusion in physiologic jaundice
total bilirubin levels > 20-25 mg/dl
801
phototherapy for physiologic jaundice
gold standard rx for rapidly increasing hyperbilirubinemia to prevent kernicterus
802
quid of bitot spots
gray silver plaques on the bulbar conjunctiva
803
manif of vit A deficiency(7)
``` impaired adaptation to dryness photophobia dry scaly skin xerosis conjonctiva xerosis cornea keratomalacia bitot spots hyperkeratosis ```
804
localization of hyperkeratosis in vit A deficiency(3)
shoulders buttocks extensor surfaces
805
microscopy light finding in nephrotic syndrome
normal findings
806
immunofluorescence finding in SN
no abnormality
807
electron microcopy finding in SN
difuse effacement of foot process of podocytes
808
quid of podocytes
renal epithelial cells
809
kids seen with seizures EP reveals decreased muscle strength of the left side of the body with brisk deep tendon reflexes in the left arm and leg.MRI reveals space occupying lesions of the parietal lobe droit dx
benign astrocytoma
810
the most common solid tumors in kids
CNS tumors
811
the most common malignancy in kid
leukemia
812
the second most common malignancy in kid
CNS tumor
813
most common localization of CNS tumor
supratentorial
814
the most common tumon which could be found infratentorial and supratentorial localization in kid
astrocytoma
815
most common complication of E coli 0157h7
renal damage
816
mortality in renal damage in HUS
5 a 10%
817
the organ system with higher mortality and morbidity after HUS
kidneys
818
complication of shoulder dystocia(5)
``` fractured clavicle fractured humerus erb duchenne klumpke paralysis perinatal asphyxia ```
819
clue for clavicular fracture in macrosome(4)
clavicular crepitus bony irregularity decreased Moro reflexe due to pain on affected side intact biceps and grasp reflexes
820
clue for humerus fracture in macrosome(4)
upper arm crepitus crepitus bony irregularity decreased Moro reflexe due to pain on affected side intact biceps and grasp reflexes
821
moro and biceps reflexes in erb duchenne
decreased on affected side
822
clue for klumpke palsy(3)
claw hand ipsilateral horner syndrome intact moro and bicep reflexes
823
claw hand in klumpke(4)
extended wrist hyperextended metacarpophalangeal joints fixed interphalangeal joints absent grasp reflexes
824
clue for horner syndrome(2)
ptosis | miosis
825
manif of perinatal asphyxia(4)
altered mental status poor tone seizure difficulte respiratoire
826
nerve fibers involved in Klumpke(2)
c8 | T1
827
rx for klumpke(2)
controverse | physical therapy to prevent contracture
828
klumpke with no improvement after 3-9 months
surgery
829
clue for myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1(8)
``` grip myotonia=delayed muscle relaxation facial weakness foot drop dysphagia cardiac conduction abnormalities cataracts testicular atrophy/infertility baldness ```
830
transmission of muscular dystrophy type 1
autosomal dominant
831
other name of muscular dystrophy type 1
steinert disease
832
why dysphagia is the most dangerous smooth muscle manif in steinert disease
because of risk of aspiration pneumonia
833
reflexes in steinert disease
normal
834
quid of sturge weber
neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by | congenital unilateral hemangioma along the trigeminal nerve
835
xray in sturge weber
intracranial calcifications that resemble a tramline
836
usual neurological symptom in sturge weber
seizures
837
other neurological finding in sturge weber(4)
hemianopsia hemiparesis hemisensory disturbance ipsilateral glaucoma
838
skin problem in sturge weber
port wine stain or nevus flammeus along the trigeminal nerve
839
rx of sturge weber
controlling seizures | reducing intraocclualr pressure
840
how to remove skin lesions in sturge weber
argon laser
841
7 yo boy with decreased urine output and lethargy and high creat and BUN appropriate next step in this patient
urinalysis
842
first test to di in all patient with renal disease
urinalysis
843
14 yo boy is seen in the clinic for fire setting in the neigbor's house.months later he has been arrested by police for stealing,parents say one time he steals money and tries to hurt the pets dx
conduct disorder
844
quid of conduct disorder
disruptive behavioral patterns that violate basic social norms for at least one year in patients less than 18 years
845
19 yo boy is seen in the clinic for fire setting in the neigbor's house.months later he has been arrested by police for stealing,parents say one timeone year he steals money and tries to hurt the pets dx
antisocial personality disorder
846
5 year old boy born at home developed bruises and prolonged PT> 15 cause of that
vit K deficiency
847
origin of vit K in the body(2)
gut flora | diet
848
why can you have Vit K deficiency in baby(3)
poor placental transfer absent gut flora inadequate levels in breast milk
849
what to do to avoid hemorrhagic disease of newborn
all new born babies must receive vit K injection
850
mild vit K deficiency
prolonged PT | normal PTT
851
barking cough in patient less than 3 years hoarseness and varying degree of respiratory distress DX
croup
852
lateral neck xray in croup
subglottic narrowing
853
bug causing croup
parainfluenza virus
854
quid of chickenpox
varicella
855
Manif in chicken pox
pruritic vesicles appearing in different stages across the face and the body and usually fully crusted within a week
856
child > ou egal a 1 an asymptomatic who never received varicella vaccine is exposed to chickenpox what to do
administer varicella vaccine
857
contagiosity in chikenpox
patient is contagious 2 days prior to rash
858
child > ou egal a 1 an immunodeprime asymptomatic who never received varicella vaccine is exposed to chickenpox what to do
givevaricella zoster immunoglobulin
859
physical examination in beckwith wiedemann syndrome(6)
``` fetal macrosomia during delivery rapid growth until late childhood omphalocele or ombilical hernia macroglossia hemihyperplasia hypoglycemia ```
860
complications of beckwith wiedmann(2)
wilms tumor | hepatoblastoma
861
surveillance in beckwith wiedmann
serum alpha fetoprotein | abdominal and renal ultrasound
862
serum alpha protein surveillance of beckwith wiedman
every 3 months from birth to 4 years for
863
abdominal ultrasound in surveillance ofbeckwith wiedman
every 3 months from age 4-8
864
renal ultrasound surveillance in beckwith wiedmann
from age 8 years to adolescent
865
patient who is particular at risk for hepatoblastoma or wilms tumor in wiedmann beckwith
patient with hemihyperplasia
866
example of hemihyperplasia
right upper and lower extremities are significantly larger in circumference than the left extremities
867
pathogenesis of wiedman beckwith
deregulation of imprinted gene expression in chromosome 11p15
868
quid of parinaud syndrome
paralysis of vertical gaze =paralysis of downward and upward gaze
869
quid of collier sign
poor pupillary reaction to light and eyelid retraction
870
meaning of parinaud syndrome and collier's sign
rostral midbrain lesion
871
cause of rostral midbrain lesion(2)
germinoma | pinealoma
872
why you can have development of dark facial hair ,deeping voice and rapid croissance in lesion pinealoma(2)
interruption of hypothalamic inhibiting pathways | bhcg secretion and consequent leydig's cells stimulation
873
why eye problem in pinealoma
the lesion is located at the level of superior colliculus and CN3
874
patient with multiple skin infection and recurrent pneumonia.In the last bout of skin infection cultures of secretions reveals S aureus Dx probable
CGD
875
problem in CGD(2)
impaired metabolism within phagocytes | a mutation causes loss or inactivation of the NADPH oxidase responsible for oxydation
876
main pathogenesis in CGD
intracellular killing deficiency
877
clue for CGD
gram stain of fluid aspirated from the affected lymph nodes reveals numerous bacteria filled segmented neutrophils
878
most common infection in CGD(2)
pneumonia | suppurative adenitis
879
5 yo Mexican girl is seen for nocturnal vulvar itching next step
do a scotch tape test
880
5 yo Mexican girl is seen for nocturnal vulvar itching dx
pinworms infection
881
rx of pinworms
mebendazole
882
clue for ombilcal hernia(2)
abdominal swelling | more pronounced when crying or coughing
883
3 yo girl with ombilical hernia next step
refer to pediatric surgeon for operative management
884
indication of surgery in ombilical hernia(5)
``` persistence to the age of 3 and 4 years exceeds 2 cm in diameter causes symptom becomes strangulated progressively enlarges after the age 1 and 2 years ```
885
evolution of ombilical hernia
disappear spontaneously by age of 1
886
patient with severe coughing develops subcutaneous emphysema over the anterior chest most appropriate next step
chest xray
887
why chest xray in case of emphysema secondary to severe coughing
to rule out pneumothorax
888
patient newborn seen with mild atrophy of the calf,clcaneum and talus are in equinus and varus positions his midfoot is in varus position and his forefoot in adduction dorsiflexion and plantar flexion is limited dx
club foot
889
management of clubfoot(3)
stretching manipulation of the foot followed by serial plaster casts
890
indication of surgery in clubfoot(2)
failure in conservative management | surgery is performed within 3 and 6 months of age
891
why polycythemia in small gestational age
increased erythropoietin secretion in response to fetal hypoxia
892
rx of Lyme disease in children less than 8 years
oral amox
893
anal pruritis in kid dx
enterovermicularis infection
894
rx of enterovermicularis infection(2)
albendazole/mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
895
dx of enterovermicularis infection
scotch tape
896
the most common causes of viral meningitis(2)
echoviruses | coxsakievirus
897
brudzinsky ????????
you flexe the neck lower leds are flexed too
898
quid of non-polio viruses
echoviruses | coxsakievirus
899
clue for meningococcal meningitis(3)
fever neurologic finding petechial or purpuric rash
900
most common cause of neonatal sepsis
GBS
901
prevention of GBS(2)
maternal testing and | rx with intrapartum IV antibiotics
902
antibio used in prevention of GBS sepsis
PNC