Pediatrics Flashcards
Define the chief complaint
extremely impt to understand and record in the pt’s own words their own sense of their problems and their understanding as to why they are in the clinic
Define HPI (Hx of present illness)
impt clues leading to a DD or overall etiology for a pts problems may be gained through questions about past medical hx
Define PMHx (past medical hx)
should describe major/chronic medical illnesses, previous sx’s, previous hospitalizations, current meds and doses, medical allergies
Define social Hx
document an individual’s living situation, support system, key relationships, education, employment, exercise patterns, hobbies, and religious beliefs
Define ROS (review of systems)
helps to determine other interrelated illness or problems that may influence the pt’s sense of well-being
Define major anomalies
anomalies that create significant medical problems for the pt or that require specific sx or medical management
Define minor anomalies
features that vary from those most commonly seen in the normal population but do not cause morbidity
What is a syndrome
well-characterized constellation of major and minor anomalies occur together in a predictable fashion
may be monogenic, chromosomal, mitochondrial, or teratogenic in origin
What is an association
group of anomalies that occur more frequently together than would be expected by chance alone
What is a sequence
group of related anomalies that generally stem from a single initial major anomaly that affects the development of other tissues or structures
Ex: Potter sequence
What is involved in Potter sequence
flattened abnormal facies, deformities of the hands and feet, poor lung development; all features are secondary to oligohydramnios caused by fetal kidney anomalies
Micrognathia: This refers to an unusually small lower jaw (mandible). Micrognathia can lead to problems with breathing, feeding, and dental development.
Glossoptosis: The tongue is positioned farther back in the mouth than usual, which can cause airway obstruction and difficulty with feeding.
Cleft Palate: A gap or opening in the roof of the mouth, which can affect feeding, speech, and dental development.
What is a field defect
related malformations in a particular region, can be interchangeable with sequence
Ex: Pierre Robin sequence
What is involved in Pierre Robin sequence
small jaw and posterior displacement of the tongue causing a cleft palate are related and limited to that area of the head
Facial Features: Potter Sequence often presents with a characteristic facial appearance, including flattened nose, low-set ears, and recessed chin.
Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Insufficient amniotic fluid can lead to underdevelopment of the lungs, which can result in respiratory difficulties after birth.
Limb Deformities: In severe cases, limb abnormalities such as clubbed feet or joint contractures may be present.
What is a deformation
relatively isolated, not associated with multiple congenital anomalies
abnormal external force acting on the fetus during utero development that results in abnormal growth or formation of fetal structures
ex: oligohydramnios –> Potter sequence
What is a disruption
relatively isolated, not associated with multiple congenital anomalies
normal growth of a fetal structure is halted permanently
ex: Amniotic bands
What is a malformation
fetal growth and development did not proceed normally bc of underlying genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors that altered the development
What is a dysplasia
intrinsic cellular architecture of a tissue is not normally maintained throughout growth and development
What is recommended for pts with DD/ID between 0-3yo
referral to an early intervention program which has access to OT/PT/speech therapy, infant mental health services, special educators, sensory impairment specialists
What is recommended for pts with DD/ID between 3-5yo
developmental preschool through local public school district
eval made to determine needed services
IEP is developed for those who qualify based on established motor, language, social, or cognitive delay
What is an IEP
individualized education plan
reviewed annually
special ed law requires that children be in the least restrictive environment feasible
vision and hearing consultants should be a part of the child’s IEP team
PT/OT/speech services will be provided
for those receiving IEP services, the public school district is required to provide services until 21yo
What is a 504 Plan
considered for those who require accommodations or modifications such as being front of the class, assistive technology devices, classroom scribes, extra time between classes
Developmental Disabilities Administration (DDA) enrollment is recommended- provides services and support to qualified individuals (differs by state)
