Pediatrics Flashcards
What BMI percentile is a child in if they are considered obese?
95 % or >
What BMI percentile is a child in if they are considered overweight?
85 to 95%
What BMI percentile is a child in if they are considered healthy?
5th to 85%
What BMI percent is a child in if they are considered underweight?
< 5th %
What are the typical puberty ages for girl & boys?
Girls 10.5 years
Boys 11.5 years
What age for girls & boys is considered precocious puberty?
Girls before age 8
Boys before age 9
What Tanner stage is a pt. in if there is no enlargement of male genitalia with thin, short, & sparse pubic hair?
Stage 1
What Tanner stage is a child in if there is sparse, long, straight/slightly curled, or pigmented pubic hair in males? At this stage the genitalia has begun to enlarge & the scrotum is reddened and has begun to change in texture?
Stage 2
What Tanner stage is a child in when pubic hair becomes more densely distributed? At this stage the genitalia continues to enlarge, penis lengthens, and scrotal skin darkens.
Stage 4
What Tanner stage is a child in when pubic hair becomes more coarse, dark, & curly. At this stage the genitalia has grown in size.
Stage 3
At his age an infant/child is expected to sit up without support, pull themselves to a standing position, & transfer items between hands. They can also locate objects from hidden view, wave bye, bye, claps, plays peek a boo, raises arms to be picked up, & says mama, dada.
9 months
At this age an infant/child begins to follow things with eyes, able to hold hands close to face & observe it, & is expected to roll to their side?
3 months
At this age an infant/child recognizes self in mirror, uses sippy cup, uses pincer grasp, stands/walks independently, crawls up & down stairs says 1 to 2 words, follows simple commands, & is able to lift items to find a toy.
12 months
At this age an infant/ child is expected to turn their head while in supine position, able to briefly fixate on mothers face, & may be cross eyed d/t inability to coordinate eye movements?
1 month
At this stage an infant/child is able to follow objects past midline, coos, lift head at 45 degrees when prone, & develops social smile?
2 months
At this stage an infant/child smiles spontaneously & laughs responsively, begins to babble, tuns head to a voice, rolls from stomach to back, & holds head steady without support.
4 months
At this stage an infant/child sees things in 3 dimensions & has fully developed color vision.
5 months
At this stage an infant/child makes good eye contact, turns head 180 degrees, turns head in response to name, reaches for objects to bring things to mouth, passes items from one hand to another, sits up independently with occasional tripoding, babbles, & starts stranger anxiety.
6 months
At this stage an infant/child can feed self with spoon & speaks 4 to 6 words
15 months
At this stage an infant/child is 1st able to walk backwards, can throw small ball, walks up steps, makes a tower of 4 cubes, speaks 10 to 20 words (at least 2 body parts), can help undress self, & pretends to feed doll.
18 months (1 year, 6 months)
At this age an infant/child can run, climb up & down stairs, jump up & down, stand on tiptoe, kick or throw ball overhead, uses 2 word sentences, follow 2-3 step instructions, name 5 body parts, & paralle play.
24 months (2 years)
At this stage an infant/child can ride tricycle, broad jump/jump forward, stand on 1 foot, copies circle, build tower of 6 blocks, goes to bathroom by self, uses imaginative play, and 3 word sentences.
3 years
At this stage an infant/child can ride bicycle, hops, copies a cross/ square, draws 2-3 body parts, use pair of rounded scissors, catch a ball tossed at them, role plays (social interaction), engages in cooperational play, & names 4 colors & numbers.
4 years
At this stage an infant/child can copy a triangel & square, counts on fingers, draws a person with 4-6 body parts, dress & undress self, & is aware of gender.
5 years
At this stage an infant/child is able to copy a triangle, ties their own shoes, & skips
6 years
At this Tanner stage in females breast are underdeveloped & hair is villus.
Stage 1
At this Tanner stage in females she has bilateral breast buds, areola begins to develop, & she has some straight pubic hair.
Stage 2
At this Tanner stage in females there is enlargement & elevation of the breast, there is no separation of the areola (one mound), & pubic hair becomes darker, coarse, & curly.
Stage 3
At this Tanner stage in females the breast begins to project creating a second mound & pubic hair is of adult quality
Stage 4
At this Tanner stage in females breast development presents with projection of the nipple only
Stage 5
Assessment of the following symptoms is an example of what type of questionnaire?
1) feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge
2) inability to stop / controlling worry
3) worrying too much about different things
4) trouble relaxing
5) inability to sit still, being restless
6) easily annoyed/ irritable
7) feeling afraid, fear that something awful
may happen
GAD 7 assess severity of generalized anxiety disorder
What tool is used to help diagnose anorexia nervosa?
SCOFF questionnaire
S=sick
C= control
O= one stone (loss of 14 lbs or more)
F=fat
F= food
Name 10 risk factors for breast cancer in adult women?
1) Race (Eastern decent)
2) Weight (BMI > 30)
3) Increased tissue density
4) Age (> 70)
5) High estrogen levels (before & after
menopause)
6) Use of hormone replacement
7) High insulin
8) Age at 1st full term pregnancy (age> 35)
9) Increased bone mineral density
10) Tall stature ( (> 69 inches)
1st degree relative, autoimmune thyroiditis, Dm type 1, juvenile chronic arthritis, & gluten exposure timing in infancy are risk factors for which dz?
Celiac disease
What 3 genetic conditions are associated with Celiac dz?
Turner, Williams, & Down’s syndrome
What are 4 clinical presentations that are associated with Celiac disease?
Abd. distention, diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), nutritional deficiencies, & wt. loss
The following requires increased screening for which virus regardless of their vaccination status?
1) Born to a mother with this virus
2) Persons born in countries with high
prevalence to this virus (e.g., Africa,
Mongolia, & China)
3) Organ, tissue, blood, or semen donors
4) Pregnant women
Hepatitis B virus screening
Adolescents presenting with fatigue, syncope, chest pain, dyspnea, or lightheadedness should always be screened for what condition? How often should it be done?
Sudden cardiac death
Should be done throughout childhood
What are 4 specific screening recommendations for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between 18 - 24 months?
1) Delayed developmental milestones
2) Underdeveloped language skills
3) Having a sibling with ASD
4) Caregiver conserns
Deficits in social/language skills, avoiding eye contact, sensitivity to routine changes, repetitive movements (hand flapping, spinning), & challenges in emotional understanding are all red flags for what condition?
Autism Spectrum Disorder
The American Academy of Pediatrics “Bright Futures” created a tool to screen for alcohol/substance abuse in adolescents. What is the name of the tool?
CRAAFT (Care, relax, alone, forget, friends, trouble) tool
What are 5 core aspects to assess in a caregiver of an ill pt?
1) Availability
2) Competency
3) Family dynamics
4) Financial situation
5) Willness
Name 7 risk factors for development of Type 2 diabetes.
1) Prediabetes
2) Sedentary lifestyle
3) Non alcoholic fatty liver dz
4) Obesity
5) Family history
6) Age =/ > 45
7) African American race
How much folic acid should women of childbearing age take daily?
400 to 800/ 0.4 to 0.8 mg a day
Name 5 foods high in folic acid
1) Dark green leafy veg
2) Beans, peanuts, sunflower seeds
3) Fresh fruits & juices
4) Whole grains
5) Liver & seafood
Name 5 strategies to assist a pt. with smoking cessation.
1) Advise pt. to quit
2) Offer counseling
3) Prescribe cessation medication PRN
4) Connect pt.’s to additional cessation
resources
5) Follow up to offer ongoing support &
prevent relapses
What 2 barriers can restrict the NP’s full potential in health promotion, preventive care, & acute care services?
1) Licensure laws
2) Scope of practice policies
What does the NP ask the pt. to do to assess the vagus nerve if he/she has a c/o neck pain & tingling?
Assess cranial nerve X by asking the pt to say “aaaah”, observe for symmetrical lifting of the soft palate & uvula
What physical findings (9) are concerning in a pt. with chronic kidney dz (CKD) with a history of DM type 2 & HTN reporting increasing fatigue?
Later stages of CKD (stage 4/5 with gfr < 29) includes:
1) Excoriation from pruritus
2) N&V
3) Anorexia
4) Fatigue/weakness
5) Sleep disturbances
6) Oliguria
7) peripheral edema
8) SOB
9) Uncontrolled HTN
What 4 imaging studies should the NP order for CKD?
1) Renal US
2) Renal US doppler
3) CT
4) Voiding cystourethrography
What 4 labs should be checked for erectile dysfunction?
Glucose, TSH, PSA, & lipid profile
What are 4 types of Obstructive lung dz
Asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, Emphysema
What is the normal level of creatinine & what happens to the renal function when creatinine goes up?
Normal is below 1
as creatinine goes up, renal function goes down
What 3 things can cause high levels of creatinine?
Dehydration, increased protein intake, & creatinine supplements
Creatinine clearance indicates how well the kidneys are working. What 3 things does it test for?
proteinuria, albuminuria, & microalbuminuria,
As creatinine clearance increases what does the renal function do (go up or down)?
It also goes up
What are 3 factors affecting serum creatinine?
age, gender, & muscle mass
eGFR evaluates for kidney Dz & stage.It measures the kidneys ability to eliminate toxins & waste from the blood. What is NML eGFR? What is low eGFR?
NML is > 90
Low is < 15 (Stage 5)
What is the normal BUN?
6 to 24
What is normal BUN to Creatinine Ratio?
10:1 to 20:1