ANCC Quizlet questions Flashcards
This is a severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, trismus (lock jaw), & muffled “hot potato” voice. This abscess displaces the uvula.
Peritonsillar abscess
Yellow, triangular thickening of the conjuntiva that extends across the cornea on the nasal side.
Pterygium
A yellowish, raised growth on the conjunctiva next to the cornea?
Pinguecula
This is chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland.
Chalazion
This is an abcess of a hair follicle & sebaceous gland on the eyelid.
Hordeolum (Stye)
“HEARS” is a neumonic for 5 of 7 high risk factors for hearing loss in a premature baby.
1) Hyperbilirubinemia
2) Ear infection freqency
3) Low Apgar score
4)Exposure to Rubella
5) Seizure
Other 2 are Cytomegalovirus & toxoplasmosis
Identify A,C, D, & E
A) Hemorrhoids
C) Aneurysm
D) Cotton Wool Spots
E) Hard Exudates
What is normal intraocular pressure?
8 to 21 mm Hg
This condition is common in infants younger than 20 weeks. It responds spontaneously, refer if present after 20 weeks.
Intermittent Esotropia
This presents with high fever x 5 days, enlarged lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, dry, cracked lips, & strawberry tongue. Occurs typically in children under 5 years of age. How is it treated
Kawasaki Disease
Tx: High dose aspirin & IVIG
This is an acute infection of the pharynx, stuffy nose, rhinitis with clear mucus, & watery eyes. What 2 antibiotics are 1st line? What are 2 antibiotcs are used if allergic to PCN?
Pharyngitis
Tx: Penicillin V or Amoxicillin
PCN allergy: Clarithromycin (Biaxin) or
Azithromycin
This causes inflammatory changes of the nasal mucosa d/t an allergy response most common sign is a transverse nasal crease (allergic salute)
Allergic rhinitis
This causes inflammation of the tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, & tender lymph nodes.
Tonsillitis
Name 4 tx options for otitis externa
1) Aluminum acetate
2) Ciprofloxacin
3) Ofloxacin
4) Polymyxin B
This is a small, fluid filled blister form on the ear
Bullous myringitis
Viral keratoconjunctivitis is also known as? What causes it?
Pink eye, adenovirus
What are the 1st & 2nd line antibiotics for otitis media? What antibiotic is given for pcn allergy?
1) Amoxicillin
2) Augmentin
PCN allergy- Azithromycin
This is a chronic condition caused by inflammation of the eyelids. It occurs when tiny oil glands at the base of the eyelashes become clogged. Meibomian glands, sensation of foreign body, greasy (danduff like) flakes, red, buring, itchy eyes. How is it treated (3)?
Blepharitis
Tx: Baby John’s shampoo
warm water compress
Erythromycin/bacitracin eye drops
Sudden blockage of aqueous humor resulting in rapid increase in IOP (> or = 40) causing eye pain.
Primary closed angle glaucoma
3 side effects of thiazide diuretics
Think HCT= Hyperglycemia, crystals (avoid in pt. with gout), triglycerides
High dose steroid (e.g., amcinonide) can be used on which part of the body?
Hands (avoid face, chest, groin, genitals)
What is the best way to prevent Hep D that is transmitted through air droplets?
Vaccination with Hep B
Best test for H. pylori
Urea breath test
Triple therapy for H. pylori includes what 3 meds?
Clarithromycin, amoxicillin, & PPI (omeprazole)
If allergic to amoxicillin in triple therapy, what med do you substitute it for?
Flagyl
What medication should be avoided in pt.’s with URI with HTN?
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
What does + HBsAG mean?
+ for hep B infection
What does anti-HBc indicate?
Previous or ongoing infection
What does anti-HBs mean?
Immunity due to previous infection/ from vaccination
This piece of legislation incentivized the use of electronic medical records & helps enforce HIPPA?
HITECH Act
This act allows the NP to get paid by medicare
The Budget Reconciliation Act
This act requires the NP to have an NPI # to get reimbursed for services
The Balanced Budget Act
What antibiotic is used for strep throat in pt.’s with penicillin allergy or sensitivity to cephalexin (Keflex)?
Macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin)
BUN may be elevated in what 3 conditions?
Heart failure, GI bleed, Cirrhosis
3 things that would be seen in fundoscopic exam in pt. with CV problems?
AV nicking, Papilledema, & Flame shaped hemorrhages
What is a good medication to prescribe for hot flashes? Name 1 herb that is commonly used for this condition?
SSRI- Paroxetine (Paxil). Herb-Black cohosh
In pt.’s who are pregnant, how should synthroid be managed?
Increase dose by 30%
Medications used to treat gout (4).
Cholichacine for acute attack
Allopurinol for chronic attacks
Steroids for gout flares
Indomethacin for gout flares
What 3 things can long-term use of PPI’s lead to?
Vit B12 deficiency (neuro symp: burning sensation in hands and feet), C-diff infections, & ostoporosis
Alternative med for erythema migrans/ Lyme dz if pt. is allergic to tetracycline (doxycycline) unless he/she is pregnant?
Amoxicillin (note: doxy is used in all pregnant pt.s)
Which 2 types of murmurs are always referred for further evaluation?
Mitral stenosis & aortic regurgitation (diastolic murmurs)
This condition is described as “ loss of central vision” or “ straight lines appear curvy”
Macular degeneration
This condition is described as “vision is uniformly cloudy”
Cateracts
This condition is described as “ curtain has been pulled down over my vision” or sudden onset of “floaters”, & “Cobweb like lines” moving in and out of central vision.
Retinal detachement
This condition is described as “ My arms are too short all of a sudden”
Presbyopia (farsightedness)
What is normal TSH?
0.5 to 5.0
Conductive hearing loss will reveal?
Rinne =
Weber =
Rinne will show BC>AC
Weber will lateralize to bad ear
What test (and result) would confirm COPD?
FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 (or 70%)
Term for inability to recognized people/ objects that were once familiar to them?
Agnosia
Term for difficulty with movement?
Apraxia
Term for lack of interest/ motivation
Apathy
Term for difficulty with speech
Aphasia
Most likely diagnosis for a pt. with complaint of intense stabbing pain while eating or cold temp? How is it tx’d? (2)
Tic douloureux/ trigeminal neuralgia
Treatment: carbamazepine (Tegretol), TCA’s
This medication is often used for stomach ulcers as it helps coat the stomach?
Sucralfate (Carafate)
What 2 GI meds should not be used if there is a concern for electrolyte imbalances?
Lactulose & magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
Condition that causes shivering, seizures, agitation, sweaty palms, tachycardia, & tremors? Typically seen when 2 meds are combined. Provide 1 example of a combination of 2 meds.
Serotonin syndrome
Sertraline (zoloft) an SSRI + St. Johns wart
Manage the following INR results:
1) INR 5
2) INR 8-10 if no bleed & if active bleed
3) INR > 10 (no active bleed & active bleed)
1) Hold one dose of Coumadin
2) Hold 2 doses of Coumadin if active bleed IV
Vit k
3) PO Vit k if no active bleed, IV if active bleed
Cranial nerves associated with the eye? (4)
CN II, III, IV, & VI
What to tell a pt. if she misses 1 pill yesterday?
OK to take the missed pill ASAP + the one due today
What if she misses 2 days of her birth control pill?
Take only the most recent missed pill on the same day the current pill is due. Discard the 1st missed pill and use extra contraception,
What if 3 days of birth control pills are missed?
Discontinue current pack and start a new pack of pills right away + backup contraception x 7 days
This drug inhibits prostaglandins & irreversibly inhibits COX-1. It is used to tx CAD, RA, & MI?
Aspirin
Pt. will complain of itching in anal area, restlessness, & teeth grinding at night. It is confirmed using scotch tape test. What is it & how is it treated?
Pinworms, Mebendazole (Emverm)
Name 3 antibiotics used in pneumonia & 2 alternative antibiotics used in pt.’s with asthma, co-morbidities, or recent antibiotic use.
Macrolide (not 1st line), amoxicillin (PCN), or
doxycycline (think MAD lungs)
Respiratory pt.’s alternative: Levofloxacin or
Macrolide/amoxicillin combination
Tx for mild, moderate, & severe acne
Mild: Benzoyl peroxide
Mod: Retinoid (retinol A, tretinoin) & antibiotic
(tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin)
Severe: Isotretinoin (Accutane)
H2 Blockers end in?
PPIs end in?
H2 = “zole”
PI = “dine”
What is the most likely bacteria that cause bullous impetigo? (2)
Staphylococcus aureus & streptococcus pyogenes