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Step3 > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic test for duchenne

A

Ck elevated
Genetics for dystrophin del
Mm bx not necessary

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2
Q

Developmental dysplasia of hip vs Osteoid osteoma

A

Ddh - usually dx on infancy but if not presents with pain when weight bearing, limb length discrepancy etc, oa from misaligned hip

Oo- pain at night

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3
Q

Tourette criteria and tx

A

Motor and vocal tics over a year in <18yo

Tx: habit reversal training, antida meds (prefer second gen ap dt AEs), alpha2 agonist (clon, guanfacine)

Vs only motor or vocal tic is chronic tic disorder

Vs tics present for less than a year is provisional tic do

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4
Q

Dropping plts in baby, think

A

Sepsis

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5
Q

Intussusception dx and tx

A

Dx - us with bulls eye sign
Tx - enema to reducen else surgery

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6
Q

Management of hydrocele

A

Usu resolves within 1yo so can just watch it
Else surgery to avoid ing hernia

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7
Q

Apgar

A

Appearance (color)
Pulse (>100 bpm)
Grimace (active vs some flexión vs flaccid)
Activity (mvmt)
Respirations (crying)

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8
Q

Double bubble on X-ray think

A

Duod atresia
Annular pancreas
Malrotation
Volvulus

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9
Q

Kernicterus sx and tx

A

Sx - hypotonia, seizures, motor delay, hearing loss

Tx - exchange transfusion

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10
Q

Beckwith-wiedemann

A

Multi organ enlargement (igf), abdominal tumors (eg Wilms)

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11
Q

Most common pna cause under vs over five yo

A

Under - viral (RSV)
Over - bacterial (strep or atypical)

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12
Q

Treatment for gerd in infants

A

H2 blockers first bc safer but ppi more effective

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13
Q

Duodenal atresia vs pyloric stenosis

A

Duod has bile in vomit
PS nonbilious

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14
Q

Intermittent painless rectal bleeding, think

A

Meckel divertic
Tc-99m radionuclide scan for dx
May present with intuss or divertic

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15
Q

Scfe tx

A

Internal fixation with pinning

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16
Q

Legg calve perthes

A

Avasc necrosis of femoral head
Tx rest, nsaids, bilateral hip surgery

17
Q

Kawasaki management

A

Ivig and high dose aspirin to prevent coronary involvement with clinical dx, no steroids
Ekg and echo at dx and at 2-3 and 6-8 wks
Add ac if high risk thrombosis (eg thrombocytosis)

18
Q

Empiric tx neonatal sepsis

A

Amp gent until cx neg 48-72 hrs
Cefotaxime if worried about meng
Acyclovir if <28do

19
Q

Meng ppx for contacts

A

Rifampin (for n meng and hib)

20
Q

Treatments for torches

A

Toxo - pyr and sulfa to mom/fetus
Varicella - mom - oral acyclovir and varizig to mom and baby; congen give varizig and iv acyclovir
Rubella - vaccinate mom when not pregnant
CMV - foscarnet

21
Q

NF1 vs NF2

A

NF1 - cafe au lait, neurofibromas in skin, optic gliomas, lisch

NF2 - no cafe au lait, acoustic neuromas

22
Q

McCune Albright

A

Cafe au lait with irreg borders, fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, elevated GH

23
Q

AOM causative organisms

A

Strep
Then nontypeable h flu (otitis-conjunctivitis)
Then moraxella

24
Q

Consider tymp tubes if

A

AOM three times in six months or four times in a year or effusion >3mo

25
Q

CP sx and dx

A

Sx - hyperreflexia, hypertonia, clonus
Dx - MRI

26
Q

Indications for neonatal ppv

A

Inadequate respirations or hr<100

27
Q

Kid rashes

A
  • parvo - slapped cheek, then reticular rash spreads over body sparing palms and soles
  • measles = diffuse maculopapular, spreads head to toe and gets dark red, rash and unwell
  • scarlet fever - pharyngitis and diffuse sandpaper rash caused by gas
  • rmsf palms and soles
28
Q

Risks to fetus of mom with lupus and what tx are ok in pregnancy

A

And bodies in cross Pacenta and cause congenital complete heart block. Hydroxychloroquine is low risk, and should be continued. Cyclophosphamide, mtx, leflun and mycophen are CI in preg

Also continue aspirin to prevent preeclampsia

29
Q

Kawasaki disease tx

A

Ivig and aspirin

30
Q

Hypospadias and cryptorchidism, do what workup?

A

Karyotype and pelvic ultrasound to look for uterus

Hypospadias alone, just correct at 6 months (don’t circ before). Likely isolated

31
Q

How to screen for stroke risk in pts with SCD

A

Transcranial Doppler us

32
Q

Things to monitor in newborn with polycythemia (eg from delayed cord clamping, maternal htn or iugr)

A

Bili (can do exchange transfusion, phototx ) and glucose for hypo

33
Q

When to do orchioplexy for undescended testes and why?

A

After age 6mo and to decrease risk of cancer (though still elevated) and infertility

34
Q

Herpangina

A

Coxsackie
3-10yo
Fever, pharyngitis, vesicles on oropharynx vs hermetic gingivostomatitis has vesicles on lips and swollen gums

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