Ophtho

Question 1

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Answer 1

Often from sinus infection with staph, present with diplopia, gaze palsy, pain

Tx with abx and anticoagulation

Question 2

Optic neuritis

Answer 2

Can cause blindness
Progresses over hours to days, APD, usually caused by autoimm like ms
Get mri and tx with steroids

Question 3

Closed angle glaucoma

Answer 3

Fixed pupil, painful
Pilocarpine drops to constrict pupil, mannitol to open angle, acetazolamide to decrease aqueous production, prostaglandins to increase outflow, topical beta blockers and alpha agonists or surgery to decrease pressure

Question 4

Macular degeneration

Answer 4

Dry is more common- vitamins and stop smoking

Wet- proliferation of abnormal blood vv, more likely to cause blindness, give intravitreal vegf inhibition, photodynamic therapu

Question 5

Retinal artery and vein occlusion

Answer 5

Sc is sudden unilateral vision loss, dx via direct exam

Question 6

Cataracts sx

Answer 6

Cause painless progressive vision loss, often bilateral, only tx is surgery

Question 7

Enlarged optic cup

Answer 7

Open angle glaucoma

Question 8

Meds patients should avoid with angle closure glaucoma

Answer 8

Anything that dilates pupil (decongestants, antichol)