Pediatrics Flashcards
How do you test for the glabellar reflex in infants?
Tap the bridge of the infant’s nose
How do you test for the extrusion reflex in infants?
Depress the infant’s tongue, should cause the infant to stick out their tongue
How do you test for the rooting reflex in infants?
Stroke the infant’s cheek, should cause the infant to turn towards that side and suck
How do you test for the asymmetric tonic neck reflex in infants?
Turn the infant’s head to one side, should cause the infant to extend their arm and leg to that side and flex their arm and leg on the other side
T/F: A child exhibiting discomfort while walking is a potential indication of child physical maltreatment.
False. This is a potential indication of child sexual maltreatment
How do you straighten the ear canal of children younger than 3 years old?
Pull the pinna downward and back
How do you straighten the eye canal of children older than 3 years old?
Pull the pinna upward and back
T/F: A child who has acute Kawasaki disease will have a fever that is responsive to antipyretics.
False. A child who has acute Kawasaki disease will have a fever that is NOT responsive to antipyretics or antibiotics.
What is the BRAT diet?
Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast.
Contains little nutritional value, inadequate amounts of protein and electrolytes, and is high in simple carbohydrates.
Contraindicated for a child with acute diarrhea
T/F: Popcorn is a choking hazard for toddlers.
True
When can a child with varicella return to school?
The child should return to school once all the lesions have crusted over. Varicella is no longer contagious after crusts have formed on all lesions.
T/F: Toddlers participate in toddler play.
True.
What age group can sit unsupported and has a crude pincer grasp?
8 months
What age group does separation anxiety begin?
4 months
When does the posterior fontanel close?
2 months
When do infants receive the first influenza vaccination?
6 months
When does the anterior fontanel close?
12-18 months
When the does the birth weight double, and when does the infant roll from front to back?
6 months
When does the birth weight triple, and when can the infant walk with help?
12 months
What age group does separation anxiety peak and at what age group does ritualism occur?
Toddler (1-3 year)
What age group rides a tricycle and alternates feed going up and down stairs?
3 years
What age group can jump rope and tie their shoelaces?
5 years
What age group has magical thinking and partakes in pretend play?
Preschooler (3-6 year)
What age group walls independently and can use a cup well?
15 months
What age group can skip and hop and throws a ball over their head reliably?
4 years
What are contributing factors of child neglect and abuse?
Knowledge deficit
Young maternal age
<1 year of age
Chronic stress
What needle size should be used for IM injections?
22-25G, 1/2 to 1 inch
What are the manifestations of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Cyanosis and hypoxia
What are the components of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Overriding aorta
Pulmonic stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect
T/F: Waking up can be a trigger of a hypercyanotic spell.
True
T/F: For feeding newborn who has a cleft lip, there are no special feeding devices.
False
T/F: For feeding newborn who has a cleft lip, you should introduce solid foods after 12months.
False
What is the most objective way to measure hydration in children?
Weight
A loss of 0.5kg body weight is equal to how many mL of water?
500mL
What are contributing factors of hyperbilirubinemia?
Prematurity
Birth injury
Rh negative mom
For a toddler who has glomerulonephritis, what is the priority intervention?
Assess blood pressure every 1 hour
What is the most common mode of transmission for communicable disease?
Airborne
What diseases have unusual symptoms or risks?
Fifth Disease (Hand, foot, mouth)
Meningitis
What are expected findings of sickle cell anemia?
-Chronic anemia
-Cool extremities
-Pain
-Delayed onset of puberty
-Renal involvement
How do you know if pancrelipase powder is working?
Weight gain
Can Benadryl be given to children under 12 years of age?
Yes.
What immunization should be administered to an 18yo who is planning to move into a campus dorm?
Meningococcal polysaccharide
What is the most common food allergy in children?
Cow’s milk. Some children are sensitive to the protein casein found in cow’s milk.
Until what age is the Babinski reflex present?
Until 1 year
When is the first dose of MMR administered?
12 to 15 months
What immunizations are administered at 2-months?
Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type B)
IPV (inactivated polio virus)
T/F: It is normal for a 5-month-old infant to have a head lag when pulled from a lying to a sitting position.
False.
T/F: For an 8-year-old who has a deep puncture injury, it is okay to administered an adult tetanus booster (Td).
True. Td is recommended for wound prophylaxis in children ages 7 years and older.
What temperature should the water heater be?
Water heater should not exceed 49 degrees celcius (120 fahrenheit)
T/F: Skim milk is okay for infants to drink.
False. Skim milk is not recommended until after age 2 since it lacks essential fatty acids.
When should infants begin vocalizing vowel sounds?
7 months
T/F: For a 12-year-old child who has ingested bleach, immediate administration of activated charcoal is warranted.
False. Because it can infiltrate any tissue that is burned
T/F: For a 12-year-old child who has ingested bleach, treatment focuses on neutralization of the chemical.
False. Neutralization can result in heat injury to tissues due to an exothermic reaction. This might result in both chemical and thermal burns of tissues
When are pinworm specimens collected?
Collected in the morning as soon as the child wakes up and before the child bathes or has a bowel movement.
T/F: Periorbital edema is an expected finding in a child who has glumerulonephritis.
True
Koplik spots are manifestations of which condition?
Measles.
Koplik spots are small, irregular oral lesios with bluish-white center
Parotitis is an expected finding of which condition?
Mumps
A strawberry tongue is an expected finding of which condition?
Scarlet fever
Paroxysmal cough is an expected finding of which condition?
Pertussis
Following a surgical repair of a cleft palate, what instrument should the RN plan to use to feed a 12-month-old infant?
Cup, to prevent trauma and injury to the suture line
T/F: A preschooler views death as temporary and interchangeable with life.
True
Are bagels and marshmellows okay for infants to eat?
No. They’re hard to chew.
How often should a 3-month-old’s ileostomy bag be checked?
Every 4 hours.
T/F: The rotavirus is not contraindicated for infants with intussusception.
False. Rotavirus vaccine is contraindicated for infants with intussusception.
What are the stages of separation anxiety?
Stage 1: Protest
Stage 2: Despair
Stage 3: Denial or detachment
What are the characteristics of each stage of separation anxiety?
Stage 1: Protest, crying and screaming, attempting to looking for parent
Stage 2: Despair, sucking thumb, inactivity, refusing to eat/drink
Stage 3: Denial or detachment, child appears happy and interacting with strangers
