Pediatrics

Question 1

When to refer lymph nodes?

Answer 1

Non-tender lymph nodes
Hard lymph nodes
LN > 2cm
LN that are progressively enlarging

Question 2

What constitutes primary bedwetting?

Answer 2

Nighttime symptoms only

Question 3

What to do in a patient with primary bedwetting younger than 5?

Answer 3

Reassurance

Question 4

For patients older than 5 years old with infrequent (less than 2 episodes per week) primary bedwetting symptoms, what to do?

Answer 4

Reassure

Question 5

For patients older than 5 years old with primary bedwetting symptoms who will do sleep-overs (short-term control), what do you do?

Answer 5

Desmopressin

Question 6

For patients older than 5 years old with primary bedwetting symptoms, what is the long term treatment required?

Answer 6

Enuresis alarm + Reward System

Question 7

Desmopressin can be used for children above 5 years old when the alarm is undesirable. If there are signs of response, what do you do with the Desmopressin?

Answer 7

Continue for 3 months. Then withdraw it gradually to reassess whether it is still needed

Question 8

Initial investigation for VUR

Answer 8

Urinalysis

Urine CS

Question 9

Gold standard for the diagnosis of VUR

Answer 9

MCUG

Question 10

Treatment for VUR grade I-IV

Answer 10

Low-dose antibiotics prophylaxis daily (Trimethoprim)