Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSITE > Pediatric surgery > Flashcards

Pediatric surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Med to decrease burn hypermetabolic response

A

Propranolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Open repair of pectus excavatum requires resection of

A

Short section of each depressed costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peutz-Jegher syndrome is characterized by

A

Polyposis of the intestinal tract (mostly small bowel), melanotic lesions around the mouth, in the rectum, and
other locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gardner syndrome is associated with

A

Desmoid tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Turcot syndrome is associated with

A

intracranial brain tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is associated with

A

pigmentation of the lips, buccal mucosa, hands, and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cowden disease is associated with

A

hamartomas that affect all three germ layers. It is not associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incidence of an empyema after pneumonia?

A

<1%
Empyema complicates 1:150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Imperforate hymen
Transverse septum
Longitudinal septum
Uterus didelphys with unilateral obstructed hemivagina

A

Bulging membrane with bluish discoloration
Transverse obstruction higher in the vagina
Patent hemivagina
Patent hemivagin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux in newborns and young infants is associated with

A

Excessive transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Newborn with cloacal exstrophy managed with loop ileostomy. At 3 months, the patient has failure to thrive and electrolyte abnormalities.

A

Absorption of urine via the colonic mucosa at the cecal plate leading to chronic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most specific for appendicitis

A

Classic store…more than CT even. Wow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

J pouch diarrhea

A

Diet first
Imodium

Biofeedback doesn’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Scrotal mass

A

Inguinal incision with radical resection to internal ring. If > 10 then node dissection up to renal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acute torticollis may be due

A

Atlantoaxial subluxation
-Trauma
-Tonsillectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Incidence of treatment failure for tPA fibrinolysis

A

16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ewing’s prognosis

A

Lung mets is worst
Pelvic worse than extremity
t(11;22) is diagnostic
Gender doesn’t matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common ongoing source of morbidity in CDH

A

Gastrointestinal - affecting nearly two-thirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anemia and painless rectal bleeding best test

A

Meckel scan - 99mTc-pertechnetate radioisotope scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3-month-old with torticollis and a mass in the right sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Fibrosis - do nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Genes implicated in the etiology of Hirschsprung

A

RET, Endothelin-B receptor, SOX10, Neuturin

Not APC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Absolute contraindication to transplant for HCC

A

Any mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vent goals in CDH

A

PIP < 25
Preductal sat > 85%
pCO2 between 45-65
pH above 7.20
MIVF between 40-60 mL/kg/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Branchial anomalies may be associated with

A

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome

Check kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Atresia types

A

Type I - mucosal atresia with intact bowel wall and no mesenteric defect.
Type II - atretic bowel connected by a fibrous cord. Type IIIa - two segments separated by a V-shaped mesenteric defect.
Type IIIb - apple-peel or Christmas-tree anomalies. Type IV - multiple atresias.

26
Q

Chemo for rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide

27
Q

Osteosarcoma most important prognostic factor

A

Complete resection
Others: unilateral, percent necrosis in resected lesion, disease free interval, single lung nodule

28
Q

How to minimize bleeding on ECMO during CDH repair

A

Minimize anticoagulation (usually heparin)
Initiating aminocaproic acid pre and postoperative (48-72 hours)
Minimizing posterior diaphragmatic rim dissection
Electrocautery, with additional hemostatic agents.

29
Q

Cervical neuroblastoma most common postoperative complication

A

Horner’s syndrome related to damage to the oculosympathetic pathway

30
Q

Most common secondary malignancy following therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Breast

31
Q

Which best describes a
-Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)
-Congenital lobar emphysema
-Bronchopulmonary sequestration
-Bronchogenic cyst
-Polyalveolysis

A

-Terminal respiratory bronchioles forms cysts that can trap air but cannot participate in gas exchange
- Mucosal proliferation and infolding within an affected bronchus permit inspiration, but limits expiration
-Nonfunctioning lung tissue supplied by an anomalous systemic artery, with no bronchial connection to the tracheobronchial tree
-White or pinkish thin-walled cysts lined with bronchial epithelium and filled with mucus
-Total alveolar number is increased several fold, while arteries and airways are normal in number, size and structure

32
Q

Cant find the testis, what next?

A

Laparoscopy - imaging no good

33
Q

In children with congenital heart disease, the most important method of reducing the risk of developing subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

A

Proper oral health and hygiene

34
Q

Pull through complications
-Duhamel
-Soave

A

-Retained Duhamel spur (gets filled with stool)
-Muscular cuff

35
Q

Micronutrient deficiency results
-Selenium
-Chromium
-Zinc
-Copper
-Lipid deficiency

A

Associated micronutrient deficiency
-Cardiomyopathy
-Diabetes (insulin resistance)
-Diarrhea (can be caused by GI loss)
-Pancytopenia
-Essential fatty acids (scaly skin)

36
Q

CAM Volume Ratio (CVR)

A

< 1.6 is good
> 1.6 associated with hydrops. Twice weekly US and steroids.

37
Q

Patients with branchial anomalies, the frequency of bilateral branchial lesions is

A

10% - Most arise from second cleft/pouch.

38
Q

Esophageal balloon dilation, the safest technique

A

Generating a radial force over a localized area

39
Q

CLOVES syndrome is characterized by

A

Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and skeletal anomalies

40
Q

Parkes-Weber syndrome is characterized by

A

Arteriovenous malformation, bony overgrowth, capillary malformation

41
Q

Sturge-Weber syndrome is characterized by

A

Capillary malformation, glaucoma, leptomeningeal angioma

42
Q

PTEN Hamartoma-Tumor characterized by

A

Genital lentiginosis, hamartomas, macrocephaly

43
Q

PHACES syndromes syndrome is characterized by

A

Arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, hemangiomas

44
Q

Fetus with a cystic mass with other fetal anomalies (VACTERL)

A

Cloaca may be suspected. The pelvic mass is most likely a hydrocolpos (vagina filled with urine and mucus)

45
Q

Surgery for torticollis

A

Less than 3% recurrence
Divide both heads of the SCM
Divide any tight fascia between SCM and trapezius

46
Q

Choledochal cyst types
-Ia
-Ib
-Ic
-II
-III

A

-Ia - cystic dilation of the entire common bile duct (CBD). -Ib - involve a segmental dilation of the CBD
-Ic cysts are characterized by fusiform dilation.
-Type II cysts are best described as a diverticulum.
-Type III is a choledochocele typically localized to the distal CBD and can even be within the duodenal wall

47
Q

Esophagoscopy after caustic ingestion is

A

To establish the presence of damage below the cricopharyngeus
Don’t advance scope past first evidence of damage

48
Q

Post operative intussusception

A

Operate
Segments in excess of 3.5 cm, with wall thickening, tend to require operative reduction
Can happen after almost anything - classic is nephrectomy

49
Q

Indications for lung transplant in CF

A

Usually based on a PaCO2 of more than 50 mm Hg

50
Q

CDH oxygen saturation goals - pre and post ductal
pCO2 goals
pH goals

A

Pre: 85 - 95% (>70% in first two hours of life)
Post: > 70%
pCO2: 45 - 60 mmHg
pH: pH > 7.2 if pCO2 < 65 and lactate < 5

51
Q

Main risk for chylothorax after CDH

A

More severe disease, including patients who require preoperative attempted rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation, those who need a patch repair and especially patients who require preoperative extracorporeal life support

52
Q

First branchial lesion

A

Present as cysts, sinuses, or fistulae between the external auditory canal and the angle of the mandible. Parotid inflammation, otorrhea.
Type 1 pass lateral to facial nerve
Type 2 pass medial to facial nerve
Consider branchiootorenal syndrome

53
Q

Second branchial lesion

A

Cysts, sinuses, or fistulae anterior to the SCM
Type 1 - superficial
Type 2 - anterior and deep to SCM, pass anterior or posterior to carotid sheath
Type 3 - Pass between internal and external carotids
Type 4 - Medial and deep to carotid sheath, open into pharynx. Watch carotid, vagus, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves

54
Q

Third and fourth branchial lesions

A

Recurrent neck infection or abscesses. Suppurative thyroiditis or thyroid cyst. Laryngoscopy to see opening at piriform sinus. Pass a catheter to identify. Watch recurrent laryngeal n. May need thyroid lobe. ENT can do endoscopic therapy

55
Q

Histologic features is biliary atresia

A

Expanded portal tracts
Bile duct proliferation
Portal fibrosis
Absence of sinusoidal fibrosis
Canalicular and bile duct plugs

56
Q

trisomy 21 the most likely type of anorectal malformation is an imperforate anus with

A

No fistula

57
Q

Inadequate distal colostogram

A

poor distention, visible folds - indicating low pressure
With adequate pressure, the rectal wall becomes rounded if no fistula is present (often seen with trisomy 21)

58
Q

Most frequent complication of an ACE stoma

A

Stricture 8-40%

59
Q

Cephalic fold defect

A

Pentalogy of Cantrell

60
Q

Lateral fold defect

A

Omphalocele

61
Q

Caudal fold defect

A

Cloacal extrophy

PSITE (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions