pediatric radiology Flashcards
1
Q
- specifics of pediatric radiology
A
? well what do you remember
children are not young adults , have their own physiology
- first : remember ALARA ( tissue sin children are more sensitive to radiation than adults)
do benefits out-weight potential damage
- communiation and cooperation :
fixation may be needed in toddlers and babies ( by a parent / general anaesthesia ( for MRI /US)
cover gonads when using ionizing radiation
preferably use: US / MRI
2
Q
- The most common congenital disorders of CNS
- anencephalus
- meningocele
- meningomyelocele
- congenital hydrocephalus
- Dandy walker malformation
- Chiary II malformation
A
ANENCEPHALUS
Lethal congenital disorder
= Aplasia of hemispheres and neurocranium
Base of skull and brainstem are intact
Facial features are intact
diagnosed: prenatal US , if unclear we can also use
3
Q
- The most common congenital disorders of the lungs
- agenesis
- aplasia
- hypoplasia
- congenital pulmonary emphysema (overinflation of lobes)
- pulmonary sequestration
A
pulmonary sequestration ( lung segment , no connection to bronchial tree or pulmonary vessels )
4
Q
- The most common congenital Heart disorders
- tetralogy of fallot
- transposition of great arteries
- coarctation of aorta
A
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5
Q
- The most common congenital disorders of the GIT
- esophageal atresia
- duodenal atresia
- anorectal malformations (absence of anus + fistulas)
- hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
A
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6
Q
- The most common congenital disorders of urogenital system
- kidney agenesis
- fusion malformations (kidneys)
- ectopic kidney
- ureter duplex
- bicornuate uterus
- cryptorchidism
A
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7
Q
- typical bone fractures in child age
X-rays ( on all of them) maybe MRI ( in case of suspected complications of adjacent ST)
- physeal fractures
- greenstick fracture
- bowing fracture
- toddler´s fracture
- suprachondylic fracture of humerus
A
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8
Q
- the most common malignant tumours in child age
- ewing sarcoma
- glioblastoma
- Wilm´s tumor (nephroblastoma)
- Neuroblastoma
A
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9
Q
- child abuse : radiological findings
- child abuse + neglect( fractures, hematomas, visceral injury + skeletal injury)
- fractures
- shaken infant syndrome
- hematomas (CNS)
A
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