musculoskeletal system

Question 1

104. imaging techniques of MSK system

• plain X-rays
• fluoroscopy
• CT
• MRI
• Ultrasound

Answer 1

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Question 2

105. MSK radiology ; how to write radiology report

• templates (more common in the USA )
  every anatomical structure is mentioned ( describe whether its intact or has pathology )
  more difficult to find the main problem
• Focused report
  focused on pathology ( mention only main intact structures.
  easy to miss associated pathology ( since we only focus on main apparent pathological changes (bone edema ,defects…)
  heading/technique/description findings/conslusion

Answer 2

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Question 3

106. degenerative joint disorders (arthrosis)

• osteoarthritis (cartilage degeneration in joints /synovial)
• radiological findnings: X-ray
  loss /narrowing of joint space
  sclerosis at joint margins
  osteophytes ( compensatory )
  subchondral cyst( around joints)

Answer 3

• osteoarthritis (cartilage degeneration in joints /synovial)
• hips, knee, hand, spine, shoulder
  heberden nodes DIP joints
  Bouchard nodes : PIP joints

Question 4

107. MSK trauma :
     - bone fractures
     - injury of joints /soft tissues/ ligaments (MRI + US for tendons)

Answer 4

tendon tear
- US ( enlargement of tendon + hypo/anechoic )

Joint dislocation :
- complete / partial
Eks: Shoulder dislocation
Most common dislocation
Separation of humerus from glenoid of scapula at glenohumeral joint.
Divided acc. direction in which humerus exits the joint (ant = 95%)
X-ray:
humeral head is displaced medially and overlies the glenoid.
Hill Sachs lesion: compression injury of the humeral head striking the glenoid

Bone fracture:
types - compression, impacted, avulsion, obique, transverse, spiral , intra/exxtraarticular
epiphyseal (growth plate in children-physis) take into consideration

• Radiographic features
  Plain radiographs
  Identification of discontinuity of bone at fracture site
  CT, MRI (soft tissue + BM), bone scans (bone metabolic changes) or US
  When 3D anatomy is complex
  When plein films are insensitive to non-displaced f
  When pathological fractures are suspected

Question 5

108. inflammatory of bones and joints :
     - osteomyelitis
     - arthritis

Answer 5

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Question 6

109. Bone tumors

Answer 6

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Question 7

110. Soft tissue tumors

Answer 7

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Question 8

111. circulatory disorders, metabolic and hormonal osteopathy

Answer 8

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Question 9

112. congenital skeletal malformations

Answer 9

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