Pediatric Pathology for Exam 3 Flashcards
- imperfectly formed bone
- genetic defect
- weaker bones
- symptoms: short stature, triangular-shaped face, breathing problems, hearing loss, brittle teeth, bone deformities (bowed legs, scoliosis)
osteogenesis imperfecta
- Most common
- Fragile bones that are easily broken
- Mildest form
type I osteogenesis imperfecta
- Most severe
- Bones may break in utero
- Many infants do not survive
type II osteogenesis imperfecta
- Improperly formed collagen
- Born with numerous fractures & blue sclera of the eyes
- Shorter
- Have spinal deformities, respiratory complications, & brittle teeth
type III osteogenesis imperfecta
- Moderately severe
- Collagen defects cause easy fracture
- Only mild to moderate deformities
- Tend to be short, with brittle teeth
type IV osteogenesis imperfecta
Malformation of the acetabulum in utero:
- Acetabulum fails to form completely
- Femoral head displaced superiorly and anteriorly
- Ligaments and tendons responsible for proper
alignment are often affected
Etiology:
Fetal positioning
- Breech birth
- Females affected 5 times more than males
- Left hip is involved more than the right
- 5%-20% of cases occur bilaterally
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
imaging of DDH:
- infants younger than 6 months: ultrasound
- after 6 months of age: x-rays (frog-leg lateral, von rosen position)
A line is drawn along the femoral shaft through the
pelvis
Describes the longitudinal relationship between:
- Long Axis of the Femur
- Acetabulum
- If the line is superior to the acetabulum, the hip is
dislocated
andren-von rosen line
Most frequent type of lung infection:
* Infection
* Inflammation
* Compromised pulmonary function
* Most lethal nosocomial infection
Viruses are most common cause
Bacterial account for 5% of all childhood cases of this
pneumonia
most common pneumonia-producing bacteria is:
(40-60% of cases)
Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Rare combination of dwarfism and premature aging
- Genetically based
- Incidence 1 on 8 million births
- More common in males
- Caucasian race represents 97% of patients
- Ages up to 7 years for every year of life
- Average life span is 13 years
- In expected growth percentiles at birth, but after the first decade have only achieved the stature of a 3-year-
old - No cure
- Death is mainly from cardiovascular complications
Progeria
- Not seen before the second year of life
- Grows from the bone shaft and widens the bone
- Causes weakening of the cortex
- Covered in periosteum, continuous of the bone shaft
- Tip is covered by a cartilage cap
- Grows away from the joint
- No involvement of the epiphyseal ossification
center
osteochondroma
- Children & young adults
- Unknown etiology
- More common in females
- Mostly found in
- Long & short tubular bones
- Neural arches of vertebral bodies
- Pelvis
- Facial bones
- Cystic
- Composed of connective tissue with blood
- Characteristic finding
- Shell of bone containing a dilated cyst
- 5 Classifications
- Should be removed
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)
- Benign tumor
- Usually found in the first 20 years of life
- Small – rarely larger than 1 cm in diameter
- Oval shaped
- Commonly found in: Tibia, Femur, Tubular bones of the hands and feet
- Can be in the epiphyses
- Treatment: Injection of tetracycline into the nidus, Radiofrequency ablation (Electrode is placed into the nidus and heated to 90 degree)
osteoid osteoma
- Most common primary malignant tumor in pediatric
patients - Usually appears in the second decade of life
- Typically begins in the metaphysis, enlarges, then
destroys the bone - Slightly more common in males
- Most common sites- Metaphysis of: proximal humeri, Proximal tibias, Femurs
*Pain & Swelling at the site - Pathologic fractures
- Systemic signs: Weight loss, Anemia, Dilated surface veins at the site
osteosarcoma
- Second most common malignant tumor in
children - Frequently in: Ilium, Femurs, Humeri, Tibias
- Presents with fever, weakness, pallor
- Not an osteogenic tumor
ewings sarcoma
