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Clin Med II - Exam 1 > Pediatric Oncology > Flashcards

Pediatric Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

what are 7 common presenting signs and symptoms of cancer

A
  1. wt loss
  2. ftt
  3. anorexia
  4. malaise
  5. fever
  6. LAD
  7. pallor
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2
Q

what is the most common form of pediatric ca

A

ALL (Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia)

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3
Q

when you see LAD, HSM, and fever, think

A

ALL

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4
Q

what type of cancer is characterized by lymphoblasts overproduced in the bone marrow

A

ALL

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5
Q

what are 3 useful tests in ALL dx

A

CBC w. differential

peripheral smear

bone marrow aspiration

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6
Q

when you see anemia, thrombocytopenia, and blasts on peripheral smear, think

A

ALL

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7
Q

what is the definitive dx for ALL

A

bone marrow aspiration

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8
Q

what is the treatment of choice for ALL

A

chemo (determined by phenotyping)

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9
Q

what is the 2nd most common form of pediatric ca

A

CNS tumors

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10
Q

what is the most common symptom of CNS tumors

A

HA

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11
Q

what are 3 other common symptoms of CNS tumors besides HA

A

AM vomiting

macrocephaly

papilledema

sz

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12
Q

what is the preferred diagnostic test for CNS tumors

A

MRI followed by bx

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13
Q

what is the initial tx for CNS tumors

A

open surgical procedure:

obtain tissue for dx

remove tumor

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14
Q

in what pt population should XRT be avoided

A

<3 yo

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15
Q

what is leukocoria

A

absent red reflex

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16
Q

__% of retinoblastomas are heritable

A

50

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17
Q

heritable retinoblastomas have __ presentation

and __ risk for recurrence

A

earlier

higher

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18
Q

retinoblastomas are __ if not treated

A

deadly

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19
Q

what is the first step in tx of retinoblastomas

A

optho referral

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20
Q

what are some possible tx for retinoblastomas

A

cryotherapy

chemo

radiation

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21
Q

__ is recommended for all retinoblastoma pt’s

A

molecular genetic testing

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22
Q

what is the most common malignancy of bone in peds and adolescents

A

osteosarcoma

23
Q

when you see, localized bone pain lasting months, think

A

osteosarcoma

24
Q

what causes the soft tissue mass common in osteosarcoma

A

tumor grows faster than periosteum can expand

25
Q

what are 2 characteristics of the soft tissue mass commonly seen in osteosarcoma

A

large

ttp

26
Q

what is the most common site of metastasis in osteosarcoma

A

lung

27
Q

what is the most common cancer post XRT

A

osteosarcoma

28
Q

what are the most common sites for osteosarcoma to develop

A

distal femur

proximal tibia

proximal humerus

middle/proximal femur

29
Q

when you see Pageant’s Dz and previous radiation, think

A

osteosarcoma

30
Q

when you see Codman triangle and spiculated sunburst appearance on Xray, think

A

osteosarcoma

31
Q

what is the 2 diagnostic tests of choice for osteosarcoma (in order)

A
  1. xray
  2. followed by bx
32
Q

what is the order of treatment for osteosarcoma

A
  1. preop chemo
  2. surgery
  3. postop chemo
33
Q

osteosarcoma is resistant to

A

XRT

34
Q

what are 3 common symptoms of Ewing Sarcoma

A
  1. localized bony pain and swelling x a few months
  2. limp
  3. fx
35
Q

what are the two most common locations for Ewing Sarcoma

A
  1. long bones
  2. pelvis
36
Q

when you see small, round, blue cell tumor, think

A

Ewing Sarcoma

37
Q

what is sarcoma

A

a group of cancers that begin in bone and soft tissue

38
Q

what is the diagnostic process for Ewing Sarcoma (4 steps)

A
  1. plain radiograph
  2. bx to confirm dx
  3. CT/MRI to show area of involvement
  4. metastatic work up
39
Q

when you see “onion peel,” “moth eaten/permeative,” on radiograph, think

A

Ewing Sarcoma

40
Q

what are the 3 tx modalities for Ewing Sarcoma

A
  1. chemo (almost all)
  2. surgical resection (local control)
  3. XRT (local control)
41
Q

what causes the “onion peel” appearance on xray in Ewing Sarcoma

A

disruption of outer layer of periosteum

42
Q

Wilms Tumor is also called

A

Nephroblastoma

43
Q

what is the most common renal malignancy in kids

A

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

44
Q

when you see firm, smooth, unilateral, nontender abdominal mass, think

A

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

45
Q

besides abdominal mass, what are some other symptoms of Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

A

hematuria

fever

HTN

46
Q

when you see WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, and Wiedemann syndrome, think

A

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

47
Q

what are the 2 diagnostic modalities of choice for Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

A
  1. abdominal US -> also used for screening
  2. bx
48
Q

what is the screening modality of choice for Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

A

abdominal US

49
Q

all Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) patients receive what 2 treatments

A
  1. surgical resection
  2. chemo
50
Q

leukocytes include

A

basophils

eosinophils

neutrophils

T and B lymphocytes

natural killer cells

51
Q

blood stem cells differentiate into __

or __

A

myeloid stem cells

lymphoid stem cells

52
Q

lymphoid stem cells differentiate into

A

lymphocytes

natural killer cells

53
Q

myeloid stem cells differentiate into

A

RBC

granulocytes (BEN)

platelets

Clin Med II - Exam 1 (7 decks)

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