Pediatric Nutrition Flashcards
Discuss Nutritional Needs across various age groups
Nutritional Requirements
ADEQUATE NUTRITION IS ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
“NORMAL” NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS DIFFER BASED ON AGE, developmental stage, weight, and level of activity.
- Infants
- Toddlers
- Preschoolers
- School-Age
- Adolescents
Infant Nutrition
Encourage breastfeeding until 6 months of aGe( according to the AAP)
Formula Feeding: Most formulas are 20 cal per oz but it can go up to 30kcal/oz
At age 6 month: Assess readiness for solid foods
New foods should be introduced every 4-7 days: Allergy Recognition
Foods should be introduced in this order: fruits, veggies, meat, eggs, & citrus
At this time rice cereal baby foods, & finger foods can be introduced
At age 1: Whole milk can be introduced
- Introduce sippy cup
- Be done by 18 months of age
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding or feeding of expressed Human mild is recommended in all infants
- Including sick or premature.
Data from the CDC’s Breast feeding Report Card indicated 83.2%of US infants were breastfeed , 57.6% of infants were breastfeeding at 6 months, and only 35.9% were breastfeed at 1 yeat.(cdc,2019). World health recommends up to 2yo of age.
Breast milk includes lactose, lipids , polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids.
The concentration of iron in breast milk is less than that of Formula, but has increased bioavailbity, and usually meets infants requirments for the first 4–6 months
How to Estimate Breastfeeding Input
Amount of time and weight , good wet diaper, developing 1ml/kg of output
Toddler Nutrition
Establish healthy eating habits EARLY
WEANING from BREASTFEEDING IS A INDIVIDUALIZED DECISION.
Weaning from the bottle ~12-15months & make sure they have adequate calcium
Toddlers are picky eaters
- DO NOT substitute unhealthy foods “just so the child will eat”
Room temp bite-sized pieces
Encourage self-feeding & encourage water drinking
Preschooler Nutrition
Quality of food consumed is more important than quantity.
- PRIMARY TEETH ARE PRESENT AT THIS TIME
Continue to learn & build on healthy eating habits
Parents: Maintain positivity & patience
- Offer choices
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR UNHEALTHY FOODS IF NOT EATING AS MUCH AS ONE WOULD LIKE
School-Age Nutrition
Children should be consuming decreased cals
Common influences: Family, friends, & media
Obesity is more prevalent during this age group
Limit fat & processed sugar
Not recommended to use food as a reward
Involve item in healthy pieces
Adolescent Nutrition
Desire for Independence
Lots of educational support needed at this time
There is a need for Zinc, calcium, & iron
Increased cals needed for growth & & SEXUAL MATURATION
TREATING DISORDERS SUPPORT NEEDED AT THIS AGE GROUP
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Complications w/ Eating Disorders
Fluid & electrolyte imbalance
Decreased blood volume
Cardiac Arryhtmias
Esophagitis
Rupture of the Esophagus or Stomach
Nursing Considerations
Failure to Thrive
INADEQUATE GROWTH RESULTING FROM THE INABILITY TO OBTAIN AND/OR USE CALORIES FOR GROWTH
- THIS CAN BE ORGANIC OR INORGANIC
- LITTLE TO NO WEIGHT GAIN
- LESS THAN THE 5TH PERCENTILE FOR WEIGHT /AGE
Nursing Management
- Education
- Thorough Assessment
- Role Model
- Increased cals for catch up
- Multidisciplinary care
- Documentation of Progression
Keep in mind that patient may not look malnourished!
Common Food Allergies
Cow’s Milk
Peanuts
Wheat
Eggs
Fish
Shellfish
Optimizing Nutrition
FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AGED 2-19 IN 2017-2020 THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY WAS 19.7% AND AFFECTED ABOUT 14.7 MILLION . (CDC,2021)
OVERWEIGHT= BMI AT OR ABOVE 85TH PERCENTILE
OBESE =BMI AT OR ABOVE 95TH PERCENTILE
2 Part Issue: Diet & Exercise
