pediatric nutrition Flashcards
Choose the true statement(s).
A. loss of 15-20% of weight in first 3-5 days after birth is normal
B. CPS recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first year of life
C. at 3W, 6W and 6M it is normal for babies to feed more frequently for a few days to meet their growing needs
D. colostrum is thin and watery, and has infection-fighting antibodies
correct: D
A. loss of 15-20% of weight in first 3-5 days after birth is normal –> FALSE; 10-15%
B. CPS recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first year of life –> FALSE; FIRST 6M
C. at 3W, 6W and 6M it is normal for babies to feed more frequently for a few days to meet their growing needs –> FALSE; 3W, 6W, 3M
D. colostrum is thin and watery, and has infection-fighting antibodies –> TRUE; CAN BE THIN AND WATERY
breastfeeding protects babies against:
A. sudden infant death syndrome, leukemia, eczema
B. asthma, T1DM, cold sores
C. COPD, Crohn’s disease, otitis media
D. T2DM, lymphoma, chickenpox
E. gastroenteritis, late onset sepsis in preterm infants, UTI
correct: A
asthma/ atopic dermatitis gastroenteritis RTIs OM late onset sepsis in preterm infants T1 and 2 DM sudden infant death syndrome lymphoma, leukemia, and Hodgkins disease
breast feeding is associated with... A. increased postpartum bleeding B. decreased risk of breast cancer C. improves bone health D. A and C E. B and C F. A and B G. B and C H. A, B, C I. none of the above
correct: B
decreased postpartum bleeding faster return to normal uterine size lower risk of T2D decreased risk of postpartum depression decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
no evidence yet: improves bone health and faster return to pre-preg weight
Select the true statement(s).
A. meconium acts as a natural laxative to help baby pass stool
B. a baby cannot be breastfed if the mother actively smokes
C. a mother infected with H1N1 influenza must always wait until afebrile before resuming breastfeeding
D. breastfeeding is associated with a faster return to pre-pregnancy weight
E. babies who are diagnosed with galactosemia should avoid breast milk, but can consume cow’s milk.
correct: C
A. meconium acts as a natural laxative to help baby pass stool –> FALSE; COLOSTRUM
B. a baby cannot be breastfed if the mother actively smokes –> FALSE; SEE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR BREASTFEEDING
C. a mother infected with H1N1 influenza must always wait until afebrile before resuming breastfeeding –> TRUE
D. breastfeeding is associated with a faster return to pre-pregnancy weight –> FALSE; NO EVIDENCE YET
E. babies who are diagnosed with galactosemia should avoid breast milk, but can consume cow’s milk. –> FALSE; COW’S MILK HAS GALACTOSE
which of the following statements are true about galactosemia?
A. jaundice is a later-in-life sign of galactosemia
B. pathophysiology involves missing or nonfunctional galactose-1-phosphate lipotransferase (GALT)
C. breastfeeding is contraindicated if mother has galactosemia
D. it is possible to have persisting impairments despite tx of galactosemia
E. galactosemia is not passed down from parent to child
correct: D
initial signs / sx galactosemia: refusal to eat, spitting up/ vomiting, jaundice, lethargy
later-in life: learning disabilities, neurological impairments, ovarian failure
pathophysiology: missing nonfxnal galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT)
breastfeeding is contraindicated in infants with galactosemia
is it possible to have speech delay and other impairments due to galactosemia even with treatment (avoiding galactose) –> yes
galactosemia is a hereditary condition passed from parent to child as an autosomal recessive disease
what other tx strategies exist besides avoiding galactose-containing foods is there for galactosemia?
none - avoidance is the only tx
Select the true statement(s).
A. infants that are partially breastfed or not breastfed do not need to receive iron fortified commercial infant formula
B. 2% milk can be introduced at 9-12M
C. commercial infant formulas provide calories mostly as fat
D. infants at high-risk of infection may be fed powder formula
E. all infant formulas contain DHA and ARA
correct:
A. FALSE: infants that are partially breastfed or not breastfed should receive iron fortified commercial infant formula until 9-12M
B. FALSE: 3.25% milk
C. TRUE (45-50% calories)
D. FALSE; powder formula not sterile - use liquid concentrate or ready-to-feed preparations instead
E. FALSE; all infant formulas contain linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid which are essential fatty acids used to make DHA and ARA
which formula(s) can we use in a baby w/ suspected cow’s milk protein allergy?
extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas
partially hydrolyzed 100% whey formulas
amino acid based formulas
soy formulas
extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas (1st-line)
partially hydrolyzed 100% whey formulas
amino acid based formulas
Select the false statement(s).
A. polydextrose is a prebiotic
B. amino acid based formulas are considered 1st-line for babies with suspected cow’s milk protein allergy
C. the 2 most common strains in probiotics are lactobacillus and galactooligosaccharides
D. children should not consume honey until they are at least toddlers
E. an infant may be introduced to solid foods
correct: B, C
A. TRUE
B. FALSE: extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas are considered 1st-line for babies with suspected cow’s milk protein allergy
C. FALSE: the 2 most common strains in probiotics are lactobacillus and bifidobacterium
D. TRUE: toddlers (1-3 yrs) ; can’t consume honey until at least 1 yr
E. TRUE: infant (2M-1Y) - can start introducing solid foods at 6M
what formulas are used as a substitute or for supplement to breast milk in GERD?
extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas
partially hydrolyzed 100% whey formulas
amino acid based formulas
soy formulas
correct: partially hydrolyzed 100% whey formulas
what is the next step for formula if baby doesn’t tolerate extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas
extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas
partially hydrolyzed 100% whey formulas
amino acid based formulas
soy formulas
correct: amino acid based formulas
