Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 1

Epstein-Barr virus (Mononucleosis)

Answer 1

Patients have malaise
Also presents with beefy red tonsils and exudate
Usually diffuse lymphadenopathy but particularly posterior cervical
Splenomegaly
Often AFEBRILE!

Question 2

Herpangina

Answer 2

Caused by enterovirus

High fever and small ulcers on erythematous base on tonsillar pillars, soft palate, and uvula

Question 3

Mumps

Answer 3

Presents in a variety of ways: parotid gland swelling common, aseptic meningitis, transient pancreatitis, orchitis or oophoritis, epididymitis
can result in sterility but rare

Question 4

Kawasaki Disease

Answer 4

Vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting medium sized arteries (coronaries)
Occurs almost exclusively in pediatric population
Typical labs include hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, and elevated ESR
Fever for 5 or more days + 4 of 5 additional criteria:
Rash
Mucous membrane involvement
Unilateral cervical adenopathy
Nonpurulent conjunctivitis
Swollen hands and feet

Question 5

Kawasaki Disease Tx.

Answer 5

Aspirin IVIG

Question 6

Rubeola (Measles)

Answer 6

Koplik spots are pathognomonic
Rash is dark red raised (Morbilliform) and begins at hairline and spreads to involve trunk, arms, legs, and eventually hands and feet
(like paint being poured)

Question 7

Roseola

Answer 7

Results from HHV-6
Abrupt onset of high fever which lasts for 3-7 days that leads to seizures
Resolution of fever is followed by development of erythematous maculopapular rash that spontaneously resolves (may not appear for 1-2 days until after fever breaks)

Question 8

Fifth Disease

Answer 8

Multiple synonymous terms including erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek disease
Caused by Parvovirus B19
Illness usually mild and may include low-grade fever, URI symptoms

Question 9

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Treatment

Answer 9

Erythromycin for 14 days

Azithromycin for 5 to 7 days