Pediatric Infectious And Communicable diseases

Question 1

What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?

Answer 1

deficiency in surfactant lead to unequal inflation of alveoli on inspiration and the collapse of the on end expiration.

Question 2

What is surfactant?

Answer 2

Surface active substance that reduces surface tension of fluids that line the alveoli and respiratory passages resulting in uniform expansion and maintenance of lung expansion at low intraaleolar pressure

Question 3

When neonate are unable to keep lungs inflated which diseases can occur?

Answer 3

atelectasis, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, hypoperfusion of tissues, hypoperfusion to lung tissue, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia.

Question 4

What are some causes of Respiratory Distress syndrome?

Answer 4

decreased surfactant, before 35 weeks of gestation

Question 5

List some signs and symptoms of Respiratory Distress Syndrome:

Answer 5

rapid shallow respirations (apparent after birth within minutes), BPM 60 or greater, tachypnea (80-120 bpm), audible grunting, intercostal and subcostal retractions, nasal flaring, cyanosis, flaccidly an apnea, respiratory failure

Question 6

How is RDS diagnosed?

Answer 6

signs and symptoms, cxr, blood gases, acid base values, air filled esophagus

Question 7

Describe the nursing care needed for Respiratory Distress Syndrome:

Answer 7

immediate o2, ventilation and supportive care, gentle handling, avoid hypothermia, rescue therapy with surfactant (exogenous) with 30% o2 and mechanical ventilation=decreased bronchi pulmonary dysplasia), monitor ABGs and SPO2 (90%), place in incubator, temp 97.9-98.6, PaO2 greater than 50mm Hg, I&O
(cpap prevents alveolar collapse)

Question 8

What is sinusitis?

Answer 8

infection of the sinus cavity, inflamed sinuses and accumulation of secretions= congestion and infection

Question 9

What are some signs and symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 9

facial pain, headache (not before age ), cold more than 10-14 days, low grade fever, thick yellow green nasal drainage, postnasal drip leading to sore throat, cough, bad breath, n/v, irritability and fatigue, swelling around eyes

Question 10

How is sinusitis diagnosed?

Answer 10

sinus aspirate culture (may get dx as a respiratory infection)

Question 11

Nursing management for sinusitis include?

Answer 11

ABT therapy, surgery (remove obstruction), decongestants (oral/nasal spray), steam inhalation

Question 12

What is Nasopharyngitis?

Answer 12

Upper Airway infection, common cold, viral infection of the respiratory tract

Question 13

What are some common viruses associated with Nasopharyngitis?

Answer 13

Rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, coronavirus

Question 14

List some signs and symptoms of Nasopharyngitis:

Answer 14

dry and stuffy nasopharynx, increased clear and watery secretions (nasal, tears), sore throat and hoarseness, headache and general malaise

Question 15

How is Nasopharyngitis diagnosed?

Answer 15

by presenting symptoms

Question 16

How can Nasopharyngitis be treated?

Answer 16

hand washing and cleaning (sanitizing), antipyretics, avoid milk products, antihistamines, rest and sleep, nutrition, decongestants, HOB up to facilitate drainage.

Question 17

What is pharyngitis?

Answer 17

Upper respiratory infection, Inflammation of the pharynx=sore throat

Question 18

What is the infectious agent seen with pharyngitis?

Answer 18

Group A Beta-Hemolytic streptococci, may lead to acute rheumatic fever or scarlet fever and acute glomerulonephritis

Question 19

List signs and symptoms of Pharyngitis:

Answer 19

Headache, fever, abdominal pain, tonsils and pharynx inflamed (large red and covered with exudate), anterior lymph nodes enlarged and tender, pain with swallowing

Question 20

Pharyngitis is diagnosed by?

Answer 20

A throat culture

Question 21

Describe some Treatment options for Pharyngitis:

Answer 21

Antibiotic therapy (to prevent scarlet fever), PCN and Amoxil, bed rest, cold compress to neck (decrease pain), 
hand washing

Question 22

What is Tonsillitis?

Answer 22

Upper airway infection, inflammation of the tonsils (two masses of lymph tissue located within the pharynx)

Question 23

What is the infectious agent that causes Tonsillitis?

Answer 23

Group A Beta Hemolytic streptococcus

Question 24

List some signs and symptoms of Tonsillitis:

Answer 24

(can be acute, recurrent, chronic, peritonsillar), expel foul smelling cheesy lumps, fever, chills, bad breath, dry throat, dysphagia, ear pain, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, enlarged cervical nodes, airway obstruction, sore throat pain, fever, drooling, voice changes

Question 25

Tonsillitis can be diagnose by?

Answer 25

Presenting symptoms

Question 26

List some treatment options for Tonsillitis:

Answer 26

ABT (PCN, Amoxil), Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Tonsillectomy (surgical removal of tonsils), Increased fluids, gargle with Water and salt

Question 27

What is Croup?

Answer 27

Laryngotracheobronchitis (upper airway infection), (Heterogenous group of illnesses the larynx, trachea, and bronchi), (epiglottitis, supraglottitis, laryngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis and bacterial tra