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Hematology/Immunology Part 2 > Pediatric Immunizations > Flashcards

Pediatric Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the current childhood and adolescent immunizations recommended by the ACIP?

A

A list of vaccines recommended for children and adolescents.

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2
Q

At what age is a child recommended to receive the first dose of each immunization?

A

The specific age varies for each vaccine.

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3
Q

What are the contraindications for each recommended immunization?

A

Specific conditions or factors that prevent the use of certain vaccines.

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4
Q

Which pediatric immunizations are administered orally, intranasally, and via injection?

A

Different vaccines have different routes of administration.

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5
Q

What are the injection sites used for pediatric patients and the appropriate patient positioning?

A

Specific body locations and positions for administering vaccines.

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6
Q

How can you differentiate common adverse reactions from severe adverse reactions?

A

By identifying the symptoms and their severity.

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7
Q

What are the most common parental concerns regarding immunizations?

A

Worries or questions parents have about vaccines.

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8
Q

Where can healthcare professionals find reliable information on vaccines?

A

CDC and Immunize.org websites

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9
Q

What are the general considerations for immunizations?

A

Overall factors to keep in mind when vaccinating.

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10
Q

What should be avoided when discussing vaccines with patients?

A

Using the word ‘shot’

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11
Q

What are the types of vaccinations?

A

Different categories or kinds of vaccines.

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12
Q

What should be reviewed for each patient regarding immunizations?

A

Immunization records

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13
Q

How are we doing in terms of immunization rates?

A

Current status or performance in vaccination coverage.

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14
Q

What should be screened for before administering vaccines?

A

Contraindications

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15
Q

What are the most common immunizations that parents are refusing?

A

Specific vaccines that parents often decline.

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16
Q

What are some general contraindications for vaccines?

A

Moderate/severe illness at the time of administration

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17
Q

Is a low-grade fever a contraindication for vaccination?

A

No

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18
Q

Are antibiotics a contraindication for vaccination?

A

No

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19
Q

What are our roles and responsibilities in general regarding immunizations?

A

Duties and tasks related to vaccination.

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20
Q

What is our ‘Guidebook’ for immunizations?

A

A resource or manual for vaccination guidelines.

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21
Q

What should be determined before administering vaccines?

A

Which vaccines will be given today

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22
Q

What are some helpful clinical resources for immunizations?

A

Websites or tools that provide vaccination information.

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23
Q

What groups should be identified before giving vaccines?

A

High-risk groups and special situations

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24
Q

What is the significance of maintaining appropriate spacing between vaccine doses?

A

It ensures the effectiveness and validity of the doses.

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25
Q

What should be done if a vaccine dose is administered 5 days earlier than the minimum age or interval?

A

The dose is invalid and needs to be repeated after the recommended minimum interval.

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26
Q

Why might patients traveling outside the US need additional vaccines?

A

They may be recommended or required to receive extra doses or begin the series earlier.

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27
Q

What is the benefit of combo vaccines?

A

They decrease the number of injections needed.

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28
Q

What is required by federal law before administering a vaccine?

A

Providing the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS).

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29
Q

In what forms can the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) be provided?

A

Permanent/laminated copies, computer/video display, or download to a smartphone.

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30
Q

Where can translations of the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) be found?

A

On the Immunization Action Coalition website.

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31
Q

What are some common local reactions to vaccines?

A

Redness, swelling, and pain.

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32
Q

What are some delayed reactions to vaccines?

A

Fever and rash, occurring approximately 1-4 weeks after administration.

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33
Q

Where should severe adverse reactions to vaccines be reported?

A

To the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

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34
Q

What is the recommended fever control for children over 6 months old?

A

Ibuprofen or acetaminophen

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35
Q

Why should aspirin be avoided in children?

A

Risk of Reye’s Syndrome

36
Q

What are some methods to alleviate redness, soreness, and swelling after vaccination?

A

Cool compresses and a lukewarm bath

37
Q

Do vaccines cause autism?

A

No, they do not

38
Q

Why is it important to push clear fluids after vaccination?

A

To stay hydrated

39
Q

What is the preferred injection site for neonates, infants, and toddlers?

A

Vastus Lateralis (Anterolateral thigh)

40
Q

Why do children need multiple doses of vaccines?

A

To ensure full immunity

41
Q

Can a child get a disease even after being vaccinated?

A

Yes, but it is less likely

42
Q

What is the preferred injection site for neonates, infants, and toddlers up to 2 years old?

A

Vastus Lateralis

43
Q

Why does the government require children to be vaccinated for school?

A

To protect public health

44
Q

What should be documented when obtaining verbal consent for vaccination?

A

The consent itself

45
Q

Which site is used as a backup for infants?

A

Ventrogluteal

46
Q

Where is the preferred injection site for children and adolescents aged 3 years and up?

A

Deltoid

47
Q

What is the positioning recommendation for infants aged less than 12 months during injections?

A

Cuddle position

48
Q

What must be considered when administering multiple injections?

A

They must be spaced out according to vaccine-specific guidelines.

49
Q

What is the focus of the immunization schedule?

A

The first dose

50
Q

Which vaccines are included in the first round of immunizations for healthy children?

A

HepB, DTaP, Hib, PCV13, IPV, RV, MMR, VAR, HepA, MEN-ACWY, Tdap, HPV, IIV, LAIV, RSV, COVID

51
Q

At what age is the first dose of RSV vaccine administered?

A

Birth

52
Q

What type of vaccine is the RSV immunization?

A

Subunit/Conjugate

53
Q

What disease does the RSV vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

54
Q

What is the route of administration for the RSV vaccine?

A

IM (Intramuscular)

55
Q

What is the route of administration for the Hepatitis B vaccine?

A

IM

56
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the RSV vaccine?

A

None

57
Q

What type of vaccine is the DTaP?

A

Tetanus, Diptheria – Toxoid, Pertussis – Subunit/Conjugate

58
Q

What is the age range for routine RSV immunization?

A

Birth to 7 months

59
Q

What is a contraindication for the Rotavirus vaccine?

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

60
Q

When should the RSV vaccine be administered if the mother didn’t receive it during pregnancy?

A

October to March

61
Q

What bacteria does the Hib vaccine protect against?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b

62
Q

What virus does the IPV vaccine protect against?

A

Poliomyelitis virus

63
Q

What is the first dose age for the PCV13 vaccine?

A

2 months

64
Q

What type of vaccine is the Influenza (IIV)?

A

Inactivated

65
Q

What is the route of administration for the COVID-19 vaccine?

A

IM

66
Q

What diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

67
Q

What virus does the VAR vaccine protect against?

A

Varicella Zoster virus

68
Q

What diseases does the Varicella (VAR) vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Varicella Zoster virus, meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, Reye Syndrome, death

69
Q

What type of vaccine is Varicella (VAR)?

A

Live Attenuated

70
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the Varicella (VAR) vaccine?

A

Pregnancy, immunocompromised status, HIV infection with total CD4 count <200/mm3, anaphylaxis to gelatin

71
Q

What diseases does the Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Hepatitis A, liver failure, death

72
Q

What type of vaccine is Hepatitis A (HepA)?

A

Inactivated

73
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine?

A

None

74
Q

What diseases does the Influenza (LAIV) vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Influenza virus, pneumonia, Reye syndrome, myocarditis, death

75
Q

What type of vaccine is Influenza (LAIV)?

A

Live Attenuated

76
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the Influenza (LAIV) vaccine?

A

Pregnancy, immunocompromised status, HIV, severe asthma, CSF leak, cochlear implant, asplenia

77
Q

What diseases does the Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

78
Q

What type of vaccine is Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap)?

A

Tetanus, Diphtheria – Toxoid, Pertussis – Subunit/Conjugate

79
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) vaccine?

A

Encephalopathy not attributable to another identifiable cause within 7 days of administration of a previous dose

80
Q

What diseases does the Meningococcal (MenACWY) vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Neisseria meningitidis bacteria – ACWY strains, hearing loss, brain damage, kidney damage, amputation, nervous system problems, death

81
Q

What type of vaccine is Meningococcal (MenACWY)?

A

Subunit/Conjugate

82
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the Meningococcal (MenACWY) vaccine?

A

None

83
Q

What diseases does the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provide immunity against?

A

Human Papillomavirus virus, cancer of the cervix, anus, vulva, vagina, oropharynx, genital warts

84
Q

What type of vaccine is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

A

Subunit/Conjugate

85
Q

What are the additional contraindications for the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine?

A

Pregnancy (delay until after)

Hematology/Immunology Part 2 (9 decks)

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