Pediatric Immunizations Flashcards
What are the current childhood and adolescent immunizations recommended by the ACIP?
A list of vaccines recommended for children and adolescents.
At what age is a child recommended to receive the first dose of each immunization?
The specific age varies for each vaccine.
What are the contraindications for each recommended immunization?
Specific conditions or factors that prevent the use of certain vaccines.
Which pediatric immunizations are administered orally, intranasally, and via injection?
Different vaccines have different routes of administration.
What are the injection sites used for pediatric patients and the appropriate patient positioning?
Specific body locations and positions for administering vaccines.
How can you differentiate common adverse reactions from severe adverse reactions?
By identifying the symptoms and their severity.
What are the most common parental concerns regarding immunizations?
Worries or questions parents have about vaccines.
Where can healthcare professionals find reliable information on vaccines?
CDC and Immunize.org websites
What are the general considerations for immunizations?
Overall factors to keep in mind when vaccinating.
What should be avoided when discussing vaccines with patients?
Using the word ‘shot’
What are the types of vaccinations?
Different categories or kinds of vaccines.
What should be reviewed for each patient regarding immunizations?
Immunization records
How are we doing in terms of immunization rates?
Current status or performance in vaccination coverage.
What should be screened for before administering vaccines?
Contraindications
What are the most common immunizations that parents are refusing?
Specific vaccines that parents often decline.
What are some general contraindications for vaccines?
Moderate/severe illness at the time of administration
Is a low-grade fever a contraindication for vaccination?
No
Are antibiotics a contraindication for vaccination?
No
What are our roles and responsibilities in general regarding immunizations?
Duties and tasks related to vaccination.
What is our ‘Guidebook’ for immunizations?
A resource or manual for vaccination guidelines.
What should be determined before administering vaccines?
Which vaccines will be given today
What are some helpful clinical resources for immunizations?
Websites or tools that provide vaccination information.
What groups should be identified before giving vaccines?
High-risk groups and special situations
What is the significance of maintaining appropriate spacing between vaccine doses?
It ensures the effectiveness and validity of the doses.
What should be done if a vaccine dose is administered 5 days earlier than the minimum age or interval?
The dose is invalid and needs to be repeated after the recommended minimum interval.
Why might patients traveling outside the US need additional vaccines?
They may be recommended or required to receive extra doses or begin the series earlier.
What is the benefit of combo vaccines?
They decrease the number of injections needed.
What is required by federal law before administering a vaccine?
Providing the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS).
In what forms can the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) be provided?
Permanent/laminated copies, computer/video display, or download to a smartphone.
Where can translations of the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) be found?
On the Immunization Action Coalition website.
What are some common local reactions to vaccines?
Redness, swelling, and pain.
What are some delayed reactions to vaccines?
Fever and rash, occurring approximately 1-4 weeks after administration.
Where should severe adverse reactions to vaccines be reported?
To the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).
What is the recommended fever control for children over 6 months old?
Ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Why should aspirin be avoided in children?
Risk of Reye’s Syndrome
What are some methods to alleviate redness, soreness, and swelling after vaccination?
Cool compresses and a lukewarm bath
Do vaccines cause autism?
No, they do not
Why is it important to push clear fluids after vaccination?
To stay hydrated
What is the preferred injection site for neonates, infants, and toddlers?
Vastus Lateralis (Anterolateral thigh)
Why do children need multiple doses of vaccines?
To ensure full immunity
Can a child get a disease even after being vaccinated?
Yes, but it is less likely
What is the preferred injection site for neonates, infants, and toddlers up to 2 years old?
Vastus Lateralis
Why does the government require children to be vaccinated for school?
To protect public health
What should be documented when obtaining verbal consent for vaccination?
The consent itself
Which site is used as a backup for infants?
Ventrogluteal
Where is the preferred injection site for children and adolescents aged 3 years and up?
Deltoid
What is the positioning recommendation for infants aged less than 12 months during injections?
Cuddle position
What must be considered when administering multiple injections?
They must be spaced out according to vaccine-specific guidelines.
What is the focus of the immunization schedule?
The first dose
Which vaccines are included in the first round of immunizations for healthy children?
HepB, DTaP, Hib, PCV13, IPV, RV, MMR, VAR, HepA, MEN-ACWY, Tdap, HPV, IIV, LAIV, RSV, COVID
At what age is the first dose of RSV vaccine administered?
Birth
What type of vaccine is the RSV immunization?
Subunit/Conjugate
What disease does the RSV vaccine provide immunity against?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
What is the route of administration for the RSV vaccine?
IM (Intramuscular)
What is the route of administration for the Hepatitis B vaccine?
IM
What are the additional contraindications for the RSV vaccine?
None
What type of vaccine is the DTaP?
Tetanus, Diptheria – Toxoid, Pertussis – Subunit/Conjugate
What is the age range for routine RSV immunization?
Birth to 7 months
What is a contraindication for the Rotavirus vaccine?
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
When should the RSV vaccine be administered if the mother didn’t receive it during pregnancy?
October to March
What bacteria does the Hib vaccine protect against?
Haemophilus influenzae type b
What virus does the IPV vaccine protect against?
Poliomyelitis virus
What is the first dose age for the PCV13 vaccine?
2 months
What type of vaccine is the Influenza (IIV)?
Inactivated
What is the route of administration for the COVID-19 vaccine?
IM
What diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
What virus does the VAR vaccine protect against?
Varicella Zoster virus
What diseases does the Varicella (VAR) vaccine provide immunity against?
Varicella Zoster virus, meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, Reye Syndrome, death
What type of vaccine is Varicella (VAR)?
Live Attenuated
What are the additional contraindications for the Varicella (VAR) vaccine?
Pregnancy, immunocompromised status, HIV infection with total CD4 count <200/mm3, anaphylaxis to gelatin
What diseases does the Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine provide immunity against?
Hepatitis A, liver failure, death
What type of vaccine is Hepatitis A (HepA)?
Inactivated
What are the additional contraindications for the Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine?
None
What diseases does the Influenza (LAIV) vaccine provide immunity against?
Influenza virus, pneumonia, Reye syndrome, myocarditis, death
What type of vaccine is Influenza (LAIV)?
Live Attenuated
What are the additional contraindications for the Influenza (LAIV) vaccine?
Pregnancy, immunocompromised status, HIV, severe asthma, CSF leak, cochlear implant, asplenia
What diseases does the Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) vaccine provide immunity against?
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
What type of vaccine is Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap)?
Tetanus, Diphtheria – Toxoid, Pertussis – Subunit/Conjugate
What are the additional contraindications for the Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) vaccine?
Encephalopathy not attributable to another identifiable cause within 7 days of administration of a previous dose
What diseases does the Meningococcal (MenACWY) vaccine provide immunity against?
Neisseria meningitidis bacteria – ACWY strains, hearing loss, brain damage, kidney damage, amputation, nervous system problems, death
What type of vaccine is Meningococcal (MenACWY)?
Subunit/Conjugate
What are the additional contraindications for the Meningococcal (MenACWY) vaccine?
None
What diseases does the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provide immunity against?
Human Papillomavirus virus, cancer of the cervix, anus, vulva, vagina, oropharynx, genital warts
What type of vaccine is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?
Subunit/Conjugate
What are the additional contraindications for the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine?
Pregnancy (delay until after)
