Pediatric Immunization and Common Illnesses Flashcards
What are resources that you can use? (5 different)
1 app
3 committees
1 gold standard
what’s the gold standard for infectious disease in pediatric patients?
VCDC app –> vaccine schedules
ACIP (advisory committee on immunization practices)
AAP (American academy of pediatrics)
American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
CDC
RED book
HPV
1) what can it cause?
2) what do the two licensed vaccines prevent against?
3) when should boys and girls get it?
genital warts, genital cancer
two licensed vaccines, protects against type 16, 18.
recommended from ages 11-12
people with egg allergies cannot get the influenza vaccine
vaccines cause disease
MMR causes autism
not getting immunizations decreases the overall lifetime risk for the child
false
no.
No.
nope
Vaccines contain what?
sub-unit antigens or inactivated toxins..
2 benefits of vaccination?
Individual immunity –> lifelong protection to disease
Herd immunity
Influenza Vaccine
1) when do you get it and how often?
2) what if you’re below that age?
3) what people are most susceptible?
4) what kind of vaccine is it?
Yearly vaccine over 9 years old
6 months to 9 years.. 2 doses separated by 28 days at least.
very young, very old, chronically ill –> highest chances.
inactivated vaccine or live attenuated vaccine
Rotavirus
1) what kind of vaccine is it?
2) what is it helping to prevent
3) small risk for what?
4) how many doses and when should the first dose NOT be administered after?
Live Virus
helps prevent acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants
small risk of intussusception
2 or 3 doses, not after 14weeks and 6 days
MMR and Varicella Vaccine
1) what kind of vaccine
2) how many doses and when?
3) what if you give an MMRV and not both separate?
both live viruses
2 doses of BOTH, 12 months and between 4 and 6
higher risk of febrile seizures
Live Attenuated vaccines?
1) how does it work?
2) what does it provide?
3) what’s bad about this?
take a pathogen through other cells.. like a chicken embryo cell which makes it less pathogenic but gives you immunity
provides strong mucosal immunity
small percentage of people can become infected
Conjugated vaccines?
1) what are pathogens usually surrounded by?
2) how do we make it immunogenic? what happens if we don’t have this piece?
3) what is triggered?
4) ultimately what does this do?
pathogens surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and these are immunogenic
they take a piece of the pathogen and hook it onto a carrier protein and that provides an immune response… without this carrier protein, it’s not as immunogenic
T cell dependent immunity to polysaccharides –> strengthens immune memory
understand the MMR is not a cause of what?
autism, duh
Polio
1) what kind of vaccine is it?
2) when is it given?
3) what is still given in endemic areas?
only injected polio vaccine now!
again, 1st 2 years and then at 6 years old.
Oral Polio virus is still used in endemic areas –> better gut and oropharyngeal immunity
why are kids really getting pertussis
adults don’t get their booster
they get pertussis and are around kids who haven’t had vaccinations. the little babies that are most susceptible to life shortening disease gets it and dies.
Antigenic drift and shift?
Viruses change every year because of this.
What are the toxoid vaccines?
tetanus and diphtheria
Hepatitis B
1) what is this a common cause for?
2) what happens if mom has Hep B and gives it to the newborn?
3) when is the series given?
common cause of acute and chronic liver disease –> started at birth.
if mom is exposed for Hep B. If newborn babies have Hep B, 90% will develop chronic carrier status for Hep B.
also if you contract it later in life but got the shot, the likelihood for it going chronic is low.
at birth
Hepatitis A
what type
single inactivated hep A vaccine
why prevent sickle cell disease with pneumococcus vaccine?
autosplenectomy.. there spleen doesn’t work and prevents against encapsulated.
Haemophilus Influenza Type B
1) what did it use to be?
2) what is it conjugated to?
3) when is it given?
used to be a leading cause of bacteremia, meningitis, cellulitis and epiglottis
HiB capsular antigen is conjugated to tetanus or Neisseria meningitides-derived carrier protein
3-4 doses –> 2,4,6, 12-15 months.
Herd immunity?
what’s to note about different diseases
protection is provided to everyone in the community if a certain percentage of that community is vaccinated.
the threshold of herd immunity is different for different diseases –> worse disease = higher % needed to be immune to have herd immunity
Pneumococcal Vaccine
1) what does Pneumococcus cause?
2) what kind of vaccine is given, and when do you get it?
3) when would you give a non-conjugate vaccine?
causes respiratory tract disease (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis), bacteremia, and meningitis –> mostly in children
conjugated 13-valent vaccine–> get before 5 but mostly before 2
non-conjugate –> use for high risk patients. special conditions + chronic diseases.
what are the live attenuated viruses?
MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, Influenza, Zoster
DTaP?
1) what does it stand for?
2) what happens in each?
diphtheria –> acute pharyngitis (super rare)
Tetanus –> severe muscle spasms by a neurotoxin.
Pertussis –> whooping cough, “100 day cough”
Meningococcal vaccines
1) when is it given?
2) when you’re younger what type are you trying to prevent against?
3) when you’re older which one are you preventing?
11 years and another one at 16 years.
Younger is A/C/Y and W-135
the one you get when you’re older is type B.
what’s to know about birth to 24 months?
when are boosters given?
when is meningococcal and HPV given to kids?
it’s the go time for vaccinations –> heaviest for vaccinations
4-6 years
when they’re older
What are the inactivated or killed (nonconjugated) vaccines?
hep A, polio, rabies
Inactivated/killed vaccines?
organism is killed by thermal or chemical stuff but immunogenicity is retained.
