Pediatric Immunization and Common Illnesses

Question 1

What are resources that you can use? (5 different)

1 app

3 committees

1 gold standard

what’s the gold standard for infectious disease in pediatric patients?

Answer 1

VCDC app –> vaccine schedules

ACIP (advisory committee on immunization practices)

AAP (American academy of pediatrics)

American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)

CDC

RED book

Question 2

HPV

1) what can it cause?
2) what do the two licensed vaccines prevent against?
3) when should boys and girls get it?

Answer 2

genital warts, genital cancer

two licensed vaccines, protects against type 16, 18.

recommended from ages 11-12

Question 3

people with egg allergies cannot get the influenza vaccine

vaccines cause disease

MMR causes autism

not getting immunizations decreases the overall lifetime risk for the child

Answer 3

false

no.

No.

nope

Question 4

Vaccines contain what?

Answer 4

sub-unit antigens or inactivated toxins..

Question 5

2 benefits of vaccination?

Answer 5

Individual immunity –> lifelong protection to disease

Herd immunity

Question 6

Influenza Vaccine

1) when do you get it and how often?
2) what if you’re below that age?
3) what people are most susceptible?
4) what kind of vaccine is it?

Answer 6

Yearly vaccine over 9 years old

6 months to 9 years.. 2 doses separated by 28 days at least.

very young, very old, chronically ill –> highest chances.

inactivated vaccine or live attenuated vaccine

Question 7

Rotavirus

1) what kind of vaccine is it?
2) what is it helping to prevent
3) small risk for what?
4) how many doses and when should the first dose NOT be administered after?

Answer 7

Live Virus

helps prevent acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants

small risk of intussusception

2 or 3 doses, not after 14weeks and 6 days

Question 8

MMR and Varicella Vaccine

1) what kind of vaccine
2) how many doses and when?
3) what if you give an MMRV and not both separate?

Answer 8

both live viruses

2 doses of BOTH, 12 months and between 4 and 6

higher risk of febrile seizures

Question 9

Live Attenuated vaccines?

1) how does it work?
2) what does it provide?
3) what’s bad about this?

Answer 9

take a pathogen through other cells.. like a chicken embryo cell which makes it less pathogenic but gives you immunity

provides strong mucosal immunity

small percentage of people can become infected

Question 10

Conjugated vaccines?

1) what are pathogens usually surrounded by?
2) how do we make it immunogenic? what happens if we don’t have this piece?
3) what is triggered?
4) ultimately what does this do?

Answer 10

pathogens surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and these are immunogenic

they take a piece of the pathogen and hook it onto a carrier protein and that provides an immune response… without this carrier protein, it’s not as immunogenic

T cell dependent immunity to polysaccharides –> strengthens immune memory

Question 11

understand the MMR is not a cause of what?

Answer 11

autism, duh

Question 12

Polio

1) what kind of vaccine is it?
2) when is it given?
3) what is still given in endemic areas?

Answer 12

only injected polio vaccine now!

again, 1st 2 years and then at 6 years old.

Oral Polio virus is still used in endemic areas –> better gut and oropharyngeal immunity

Question 13

why are kids really getting pertussis

Answer 13

adults don’t get their booster

they get pertussis and are around kids who haven’t had vaccinations. the little babies that are most susceptible to life shortening disease gets it and dies.

Question 14

Antigenic drift and shift?

Answer 14

Viruses change every year because of this.

Question 15

What are the toxoid vaccines?

Answer 15

tetanus and diphtheria

Question 16

Hepatitis B

1) what is this a common cause for?
2) what happens if mom has Hep B and gives it to the newborn?
3) when is the series given?

Answer 16

common cause of acute and chronic liver disease –> started at birth.

if mom is exposed for Hep B. If newborn babies have Hep B, 90% will develop chronic carrier status for Hep B.

also if you contract it later in life but got the shot, the likelihood for it going chronic is low.

at birth

Question 17

Hepatitis A

what type

Answer 17

single inactivated hep A vaccine

Question 18

why prevent sickle cell disease with pneumococcus vaccine?

Answer 18

autosplenectomy.. there spleen doesn’t work and prevents against encapsulated.

Question 19

Haemophilus Influenza Type B

1) what did it use to be?
2) what is it conjugated to?
3) when is it given?

Answer 19

used to be a leading cause of bacteremia, meningitis, cellulitis and epiglottis

HiB capsular antigen is conjugated to tetanus or Neisseria meningitides-derived carrier protein

3-4 doses –> 2,4,6, 12-15 months.

Question 20

Herd immunity?

what’s to note about different diseases

Answer 20

protection is provided to everyone in the community if a certain percentage of that community is vaccinated.

the threshold of herd immunity is different for different diseases –> worse disease = higher % needed to be immune to have herd immunity

Question 21

Pneumococcal Vaccine

1) what does Pneumococcus cause?
2) what kind of vaccine is given, and when do you get it?
3) when would you give a non-conjugate vaccine?

Answer 21

causes respiratory tract disease (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis), bacteremia, and meningitis –> mostly in children

conjugated 13-valent vaccine–> get before 5 but mostly before 2

non-conjugate –> use for high risk patients. special conditions + chronic diseases.

Question 22

what are the live attenuated viruses?

Answer 22

MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, Influenza, Zoster

Question 23

DTaP?

1) what does it stand for?
2) what happens in each?

Answer 23

diphtheria –> acute pharyngitis (super rare)

Tetanus –> severe muscle spasms by a neurotoxin.

Pertussis –> whooping cough, “100 day cough”

Question 24

Meningococcal vaccines

1) when is it given?
2) when you’re younger what type are you trying to prevent against?
3) when you’re older which one are you preventing?

Answer 24

11 years and another one at 16 years.

Younger is A/C/Y and W-135

the one you get when you’re older is type B.

Question 25

what’s to know about birth to 24 months?

when are boosters given?

when is meningococcal and HPV given to kids?

Answer 25

it’s the go time for vaccinations –> heaviest for vaccinations

4-6 years

when they’re older

Question 26

What are the inactivated or killed (nonconjugated) vaccines?

Answer 26

hep A, polio, rabies

Question 27

Inactivated/killed vaccines?

Answer 27

organism is killed by thermal or chemical stuff but immunogenicity is retained.