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Topics in Peds > Pediatric Fitness Exam/Program > Flashcards

Pediatric Fitness Exam/Program Flashcards

1
Q

Components of health related fitness

A
  • cardiovascular and respiratory endurance
  • muscular strength
  • muscular endurance
  • flexibility
  • body composition
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2
Q

Children who have obesity are more likely to have

A
  • HTN and high cholesterol
  • Increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
  • Breathing problems, such as asthma and sleep apnea.
  • Musculoskeletal pain.
  • Fatty liver disease, gallstones, and GERD
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3
Q

childhood obesity is also related to:

A
  • psychological problems (anxiety and depression)
  • low self-esteem and lower self-reported QoL
  • social problems such as bullying
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4
Q

children who have obesity are more likely to become…

A

adults with obesity

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5
Q

I dont know what slide 8 means

A

just roll with it

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6
Q

Norm standards

A
  • Created by gathering test results from a representative sample of individuals from a
    large group
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7
Q

Criterion Standards

A
  • Created by associating a specific level of fitness to a specific health outcome
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8
Q

Highest variable of cardiorespiratory endurance interest?

A

VO2 Max

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9
Q

reminder of what VO2 Max is

A

The highest rate of oxygen consumed by the body in a given time period during exercise of a significant portion of body muscle mass.

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10
Q

Laboratory measurement of VO2 max

A
  • Direct –Exercise to fatigue (self-imposed maximum)
  • Indirect –Submaximal exercise
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11
Q

Direct protocols: device

A

Treadmill or cycle ergometer
* Treadmill is preferred because requires more/larger muscle groups

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12
Q

typical protocols:

A

systematically increase resistance, inclination, speed or height every 3 minutes until the child can no longer maintain activity

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13
Q

When is VO2 Max achieved?

A

when an increase in power load is not accompanied by an
increase in VO2 (>2ml/Kg/min)
* Previous reports have indicated that only 5% children reach VO2 plateau during direct protocols

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14
Q

Indirect/Submaximal Protocols: Device

A

treadmill, cycle ergometer, steps

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15
Q

how is indirect aerobic testing performed?

A
  • As opposed to spirometry, heart rate is typically used as an indirect measure
    of VO2max.
  • W170 –an index of the mechanical power at a heart rate of 170 bpm (assumption is that power is linearly related to power at 170 bpm).
  • Typical protocols (Adams Submaximal Progressive Continuous Cycling Test and
    The Modified 3-minute Step Test)
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16
Q

Most common field measurement of cardiorespiratory endurance

A
  • long distance runs of different structures
  • estimation of peak O2 consumption based on performance (underestimation)
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17
Q

Other ways to do cardiorespiratory endurance testing in the field

A
  • Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance (PACER) Run –> A series of seven, 20-meter, runs of incrementally increased exercise intensity
  • Step Test
  • Squat Test
18
Q

Training cardiorespiratory endurance

A
  • Activities require a prolonged, sustained demand on the cardiorespiratory
    system
  • Training principles (frequency, intensity, duration) are similar to those for
    adults
  • Questionable whether can have training effects on maximal aerobic power
    among pre-pubescent children
19
Q

Muscular strength testing

A
  • max contractile force (isometric, isokinetic, isotonic)
  • specific muscles are tested and whole body strength is extrapolated
20
Q

most common muscle groups

A
  • hand grip
  • elbow flex/ext
  • knee flex/ ext
  • ankle PF
21
Q

Age and gender effects on strength

A
  • from 6-18 years
  • males +500%
  • females +300%
22
Q

Field measurements of muscle strength

A

Usually include movement of part or all of the body mass against gravity
* Flexed arm hang
* 90˚ push-up
* Curl-up
* Trunk lift

23
Q

is strength training in children good?

A

Positive outcomes of improved strength in youth continue to be acknowledged, including improvement in health, fitness, rehabilitation of injuries, injury reduction, and physical literacy.

24
Q

resistance training

A

Resistance training is not limited to lifting weights but includes a wide array of body weight movements that can be implemented at young ages to improve declining measures of muscular fitness among children and adolescents.

25
Q

gains in childhood strength are primarily attributed to….

A

neurologic mechanism of increases in motor neuron recruitment, allowing for increases in strength without resultant muscle hypertrophy

26
Q

in real people (not research terms), why is strength training good in childhood?

A

because it teaches them proper form and technique to develop correct neuromuscular recruitment for movement

27
Q

Training guidelines

A
  • 10-15 min dynamic warm up and cool down
  • learn exercises first without a load
  • begin with 1-2 sets of 8-12 reps low resistance
  • progress to 2-4 sets of 6-12 reps with mod resistance
28
Q

what should young athletes be introduced to?

A

period phases of lower reps at a higher training intensity

29
Q

looks at the misconceptions slides if you want

A

I shall not

30
Q

lab testing of flexibility

A

ROM using goni

31
Q

field measurements of flexibility

A

sit and reach
back saver sit and reach

32
Q

body composition

A
  • Goal is to get a measure of fat-free or lean body mass
  • Gold standard: Chemical analysis –> Expensive and impractical
33
Q

body composition lab assessment techniques

A
  • Densitometry
  • Total body water
  • Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA)
  • Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
34
Q

densiometry

A
  • Underwater “hydrostatic” weighing
  • Divide an individuals actual body weight by their underwater weight
  • Assumption: densities of fat and lean body mass are constant
  • Gold-standard but difficult for children
35
Q

Total body water

A
  • Used to estimate non-fat body mass
  • Premise: Fat does not bind water
  • A known dose of deuterated water (“heavy hydrogen”) is
    ingested
  • Flowing afterglow mass spectrometry is used to measure the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in exhaled water vapor
36
Q

bioelectric impedance analysis

A
  • Impedance to electrical flow varies in proportion to the amount of lean tissue present
  • Small (1-10μA) electrical current passes quickly through water in hydrated muscle and more slowly through fat
37
Q

Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry

A
  • Measuring the body’s differential
    absorption of two low-dose x-rays at different energy levels (40 and 70 keV)
  • Unique elemental profiles of tissues (bone, fat, and nonbone lean tissue) allow for visualization and separate analysis of each tissue type
38
Q

skin fold thickness measurement placement

A
  • triceps brachii
  • subscapular area
  • calf
39
Q

skin fold thickness measurement assumptions

A
  • Subcutaneous fat layer reflects the total amount of fat in the body
  • The selected measurement sites reflect average thickness
40
Q

HIIT training

A
  • Short, intense, bouts of exercise interspersed with brief rest periods
  • Short workout duration
  • Minimal to no equipment needed
  • Consider ≥8weeks
  • improves aerobic fitness but didnt reduce amount of abdominal and total body fat mass

Topics in Peds (15 decks)

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