Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Flashcards
What is juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
- arthritis beginning before age 16
- most common arthritis seen in children
- autoimmune
etiology
- probs multifactorial
- possibly: infection, autoimmune, trauma, stress, genetics
- Common theory: genetic predisposition activated by infection or trauma –> immunologic response –> inflammation
- often see following high fever
differential diagnosis
- < 16 yo
- joint pain in >1 joint for > 6 weeks or 2 weeks of decreased ROM, tenderness or pain with joint movement, and fever
- rule out other causes
other manifestations
- Uveitis: iris of eye
- Pleuritis: lungs
- Pericarditis: heart
Lab Test Results
- Negative for Rheumatoid Factor
- If +RF, likely polyarticular JIA, and worst prognosis
- ANA, HLA-B27, ESR or sed rate, C-reactive protein
initial signs/symptoms
Swelling, inflammation, warmth, fever, rash, guarding/limping, pain,
stiffness, decreased ROM, decreased physical activity, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, swollen lymph nodes, decreased appetite and/or weight loss, thickened synovium
Polyarticular soft tissue changes
Synovial hypertrophy
Marked lymph nodes
Mm/tendon inflammation
Capsular hypertrophy
Ligamentous laxity
Body changes
Irregular bone growth
Osteoporosis
Joint space narrowing
Angular deformity
Limb length discrepancy
Musculoskeletal impairments
Pain
Stiffness (primarily morning)
Weakness
Contractures
Substitution patterns
Postural deformities
Flexion, varus, valgus deformities
Low bone mineral density
Cardiopulmonary Impact
Impaired aerobic fitness and anaerobic capacity
Due to decreased activity level, muscle atrophy, and weakness
Greatest in children with +RF
Cardiac involvement can include pericarditis, pericardial effusion, myocarditis, valvular disease
Types of JIA
- Polyarticular
- Pauciarticular
- Systemic
Polyarticular JIA
> 5 joints affected
Onset 1-3 years or in puberty Joints frequently involved - knees, ankles, wrists, cervical spine, TMJ; often symmetrical
involvement
Prognosis: 40%-50% of patients have active disease 10 years post diagnosis
Affects females more often than males
Pauciarticular JIA (oligoarthritis)
1-4 joints affected
Onset < 7 yrs of age (differs from your text – use this guideline)
Frequently involves knees, ankles, wrists
Prognosis: 20%-70% of patients have symptoms 10 years post diagnosis (Severe arthritis is rare)
- 20% of patients have inflammation of iris
Affects females more often than males.
Systemic JIA
- often proceeded by high fever (>103) and rash
- enlargement of liver, spleen, lymph nodes
- prognosis: 25-60% have symptoms past 10 yrs diagnosis
- females and males affected equally
Which type of JIA is most likely to cause development of severe arthritis
polyarticular with +RF
Most common type of JIA
Pauciarticular
