Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards
Pediatric assessment in an emergency
safety, PAT, ABCDE, physical assessment and hx, interventions
What is PAT
pediatric assessment triangle. appearance, work of breathing, circulation
what is ABCDE
airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure
how to assess airway
look, listen, feel, stridor, obstruction, retractions, tilt chin back or lift chin, suction
how to assess breathing
chest rise, wheezing, head bobbing, tachypnea, cyanosis, reposition, suction, give oxygen
how to assess circulation
tachycardia, bradycardia, skin, diaphoretic, mottled, cap refill, BP, urinary output, pulses, brachial on baby, radial on child.
how to assess disability
neuro is AVPU, glasgow coma scale, posture, pupils, movement, glucose levels
how to assess exposure
head to toe, remember the back, look for obvious injuries, skin, keep warm, get a hx
what is AVPU
neuro assessment. alert, responsive to voice, responds to pain, unresponsive
what is broselow tape
to get a weight so meds can be calculated.
common medications to give
NS 20ml/kg in 20min, atropine, adenosine, dextrose, dobutamine, dopamine, epi, naloxone. rx through endotracheal tube are lidocaine, epi, atropine, naloxone
respiratory arrest causes
upper airway disorders like croup or foreign body, lower airway disorder like asthma or pneumonia, neuro disorders like seizure or spinal cord or GBS, cardiac disorders like arrythmias or congenital defects, traumatic injuries like burns or abuse, or shock, dka, cf
signs of rr arrest
rr rate change, shallow chest rise, altered mental status, cyanosis, gasping, agonal breathing, paradoxical breathing
rr arrest tx
open airway, bag valve mask, ET tube, encourage parent presence during resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, teach parents cpr
common labs
ABG, electrolytes, glucose, cbc, blood cultures, ua, toxicology, lumbar puncture
drowning r/f
cant swim, lack of barriers to water, no supervision, living near water, hx of epilepsy or cardiac disorders, etoh, no floatation device
what happens when you drown
breath holding, panic, swallowing water, aspiration, laryngospasm, hypoxia and hypercapnia leads to unconsciousness, brain damage, lung infection, acute rr distress syndrome, tachypnea, labored breathing, wheezing, crackles, sob, hypoxemia
drowning tx
rapid rescue from water, life support, control temp, give oxygen, help heart, decrease CO2 levels, fluid resuscitation, pulmonary edema can be delayed, education to prevent
what is shock
reduction in tissue perfusion leading to decreased oxygen to tissues and no removal of harmful by products of metabolism.
compensated shock
homeostatic mechanisms. tachycardia, tachypnea, warm or cool skin, normal or elevated bp.
decompensated shock
hotn, rapid deterioration. cool skin, decreased pulses, decreased urinary output, high hr, altered neuro status, hotn.
irreversible shock
death is imminent. bradycardia, hotn, unresponsive to tx, end organ damage
hypovolemic shock causes
acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, hemorrhage, dka, burns, sepsis
hypovolemic shock tx
fluid replacement, bolus using push pull method, assess for fluid overload with each bolus
