Pediatric Development

Question 1

Stage 1 Trust vs. mistrust

Answer 1

• between a birth and 18 mos
• feeding
• success= feels safe and secure
• failure=fear and belief that world is inconsistent and unpredictable
• learn through sensations and motor action

Question 2

Stage 2 autonomy vs shame/doubt

Answer 2

• develop greater sense of personal control
• toilet training
• gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing
• age 2-3 y.o

Question 3

stage 3 initiative vs. guilt

Answer 3

• preschool years, assert power and control over the world through directing play
• success=feel capable and able to lead others
• failure=sense of guilt, self doubt, lack of initiative

Question 4

stage 4 industry vs. inferiority

Answer 4

• age 6-11
• school
• cope with new social and academic commands
• success=sense of competence
• failure=feelings of inferiority

Question 5

fine motor dev 2 mos

Answer 5

tracks to midline, hands to midline

Question 6

gross motor dev 2 mos

Answer 6

holds head steady briefly, raises head to 45 degrees prone.

Question 7

personal/social dev 2 mos

Answer 7

coos and gurgles

Question 8

well child exam 2 mos

Answer 8

full PE, including pulse oximetry for cardiac screening (95% or better) infant reflexes

Question 9

Assessment 2 mos

Answer 9

growth and dev, need for immunizations, problem oriented

Question 10

anticipatory guidance 2 mos

Answer 10

rear facing car seat in back of car, 20-30 oz milk/day, feedings every 2-3 hours, colic reading infant cues, comforting interactions, family health and supports

Question 11

FM 4 mos

Answer 11

track 180 degrees, holds rattle, resists letting go

Question 12

GM 4 mos

Answer 12

holds head 90 degrees and raises body when prone, rolls front to bck, may sit with support

Question 13

PS 4 mos

Answer 13

knows mother and may cry to show displeasure, recognizes prep for feeding, may dev self-soothing behaviors, stranger awareness, squeals coos and gurgles.

Question 14

observed red flags parent/child interaction 4 mos

Answer 14

parent: minimal, disinterested, or mechanical interaction with infant, extremes of behavior (anxiety, overprotectedness, unrealistic expectations)
infant: uninterested in parents or surroundings, withdrawn, insistent on being held, hard to console

Question 15

anticipatory guidance 4 mos

Answer 15

back to sleep, prone to play, assess readiness for solid foods, avoid bottle proppings due to risk of baby bottle tooth decay and choking, avoid bottle as sleep aid.

Question 16

by the end of their first month, most babies:

Answer 16

• make jerky, quivering arm movements
• bring hands near face
• move head from side to side while lying on stomach
• focus on objects 8-12 inches away
• prefer human faces over other shapes
• prefer black and white or high contrast patterns
• hear very well
• recognize some sounds, including parent’s voice

Question 17

by the end of their sixth month, most babies:

Answer 17

• roll over both ways (tummy to back, back to tummy)
• sit up
• reach for object with hand
• transfer objects from one hand to another
• develop full color vision and mature distance vision
• use voice to express joy and displeasure
• respond to own name
• babble chains of consanants (babababa)
• distinguish emotions by tone of voice
• explore objects with hands and mouth
• enjoy playing peek a boo
• show an interest in mirror images

Question 18

by first birthday, most babies:

Answer 18

• sit without assistance
• crawl
• pull self up to stand
• walk holding onto furniture and possibly a few steps without support
• use pincer grasp
• say dada and mama
• try to imitate words
• responds to no and simple verbal requests
• use simple gestures, such as shaking head no and waving bye bye
• explore objects in many ways
• begin to use objects correctly

Question 19

by second birthday, most babies:

Answer 19

• walk alone
• carry large toy or several toys while walking
• begin to run
• kick a ball
• walk up and down stairs
• scribble with crayon
• say several single words
• use simple phrases
• use 2-4 word sentences
• follow simple instructions
• begin to play make believe
• show growing independence

Question 20

by third birthday, most babies

Answer 20

• hop and stand on one foot up to five seconds
• goes upstairs and downsairs without support
• uses scissors
• understands concepts of same and different
• speaks in sentences of 5-6 words
• correctly name colors
• begins to have clearer sense of time
• follows three part commands
• cooperates with other children
• dresses and undresses
• negotiates solutions to conflicts
• more independent

Question 21

by fifth birthday, most children

Answer 21

• may be able to skip
• prints some letters
• dresses and undresses without assistance
• uses fork, spoon, and sometimes table knife
• usually cares for own toilet needs
• speaks sentences of more than 5 words
• uses future tense
• says name and address
• better understands concept of time
• more likely to agree to rules
• likes to sing, dance, and act
• shows more independence and may even visit a next-door neighbor byself
• aware of sexuality