Pediatric dermatology Flashcards
infantile acne who?
infants 2-4 weeks of life
appearance of infantile acne
usually pink/flesh colored, small papules, sometimes appear pustular or erythematous
treatment infantile acne
reassurance maybe benzoyl peroxide wash daily if stubborn
miliaria rubra (heat rash)
infants and adults- covered areas, flexural areas- caused by occlusion of sweat ducts.
miliaria rubra appearance
2-4 mm papules/clear vesicles on erythematous base concern- can become secondarily infected with staph causing pustule formation.
treatment miliaria rubra
symptomatic, parental education/reassurance, avoidance of over clothing and over heating
milia
neonates, can appear on forehead, cheeks, nose (oral caivty called epsteins pearls) -due to superfical epithelial cysts
appearance of milia
1-2 mm white papules-reassurance is treatment
erythema toxicum
neonates in the first 2 days of life. appears on chest, back, face, proximal extremities. probably normal local immune response to new skin flora.
appearance of erythema toxicum
1-4 mm central vesicle or pustule over large, blotchy erythematous base, generally clears on its own.
caput succedaneum/cephalohematoma
neonates. appears on scalp. usually due to trauma/normal part of delivery.
appearance caput
appears soft, sometimes mildly ecchymotic area, poorly defined.
cephalohematoma appearance
similar but bounded by suture lines, more well defined and feels fluctuant
concerns about caput/ ceph hematoma
can be source of hyperbiliruibinemia secondary cellultis of ceph hematoma is rare but can occur
treatment of caput/ceph hematoma
monitor, should resolve in 7-10 days
diaper rash
candidal involves intertriginous areas and irritant avoids them
measles (rubeola)
starts on face, spreads to trunk and extremities.
appearance of measles
initial 3-5 day prodrome, then starting on face, pts dev multiple blanchable, erythematous macules and papules that often coalesce. intense erythema of the mucus membranes and 1 mm white oral papules (koplik spots)prodromal sxs persist during rash
rubella (german measles)
starts on face and spreads to trunk and proximal extremities, face and trunk clear and distal extremties are then involved
appearance of rubella
during a mild viral illness often with tender LAD, sometimes a low grade fever, children dev a faint pink macular eruption that often does no coalesce, often associated with arthralgias, that can persist long after illness.
concerns of rubella
infected ind. need to stay away from pregnant women due to risk in first trimester to fetus. treatment of rubella is symptomatic
roseola
affects children under 2 y.o predominantly found on trunk
roseola causes
hhv 6 or 7
roseola appearance
after prodrome of high fever usually lasting 3-5 days, children dev faint blanchable pink maculopapules 2-3 mm in diameter which coalesce into larger plaques, usually starts on neck and works down to trunk, disappears 1-2 days without treatment.
erythema infectiosum (fifths disease)
appears in school aged children more commonly in winter-spring.
fifths disease appearance/location
after prodrome of mild viral sxs, rash starts as a bright red rash on the face “slapped cheek” and spreads to the proximal extensor surfaces and spreads symmetrically from there. typically spares the hands and feet. erythematous macular/papular eruption that coalesve into large plaques, has a lacy appearance on extremities.
fifths disease cause
human parvovirus 19
concern of fifths disease
avoid pregnant women and immunocompromised.
coxsackievirus (hand foot mouth)
most common in kids under 10 but can occur in adolescents/young adults. outbreaks during warmer months and occurs every 3 years.
hand foot mouth appearance
palms and soles of hands and feet, also oropharynx. painful erythematous ulcerated oral lesions, non painful 2-8 mm vesicular papules on palms and soles.
