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Pediatrics Exam 2 (Lauren) > Pediatric Dermatology > Flashcards

Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for neonatal acne?

A

Reassuracne that it will go away in a few months without scarring

Soap and water

Ketoconazole/hydrocortisone might help speed it up

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2
Q

Name it:
Absence of skin present at birth

Most commonly found midline-posterior scalp

Well demarcated

A

Aplasia Cutis Congenital (ACC)

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3
Q

Blueberry Muffin

A

Rubella (German measles)

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4
Q

What rash presents as flesh colored, pearly papules with umbilication

Located anywhere except palms and soles

A

Molluscum contagiosum

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5
Q

What is a patch

A

A macule that’s bigger than 1cm

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6
Q

Name it:
Cutaneous capillary malformation

Present at birth and never fades

Pink or dark red patches

A

Port wine stain

Vascular malformation

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7
Q

What is the etiology of diaper dermatitis?

A

Irritant/contact dermatitis but could be other skin conditions

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8
Q

What happens during the proliferative phase of an infantile hemangioma

A

Early: rapid growth during first 3 months

Late: less rapid growth, completed by 9 months of age

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9
Q

What causes infantile acne?

A

Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands

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10
Q

What is the most common pigmented lesion in infants?

A

Mongolian Spot (congenital dermal melanocytosis)

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11
Q

Name it:
Hyperplasia of epidermis, sebaceous glands, hair follicles or apocrine glands

Waxy, solitary, smooth, yellow-orange Hairless patch

A

Nevus sebaceous

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12
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat colored spot

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13
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Decreased skin thickness

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14
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Fluid filled elevations

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15
Q

Does the presence of nits indicate an active lice infection

A

No, nits may persist for months

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16
Q

Are congenital melanocytic nevi present at birth?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Should you treat infantile acne?

A

Yes to prevent scarring

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18
Q

Name it:
Common benign vascular tumor

Not present at birth, but appears shortly after

May be superficial and bright red

Or deep with a bluish color

A

Infantile hemangiomas

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19
Q

What rash presents as a generalized vesicular, pruritic rash with lesions that occur at different stages over 4 days?

A

Varicella

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20
Q

Do port wine stains ever fade?

A

No they might even get darker or thicker

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21
Q

Where are Aplasia cutis congenita usually found?

A

Midline posterior scalp

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22
Q

What is the correlation between the size of a congenital melanocytic nevus and it’s malignancy?

A

The bigger the CMN, the higher risk of malignancy

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23
Q

When do Mongolian spots go away?

A

Fade by age 2

Disappear by age 10

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24
Q

Port wine stains in a V1 distribution require:

A

Urgent optho evaluation. May be congenital glaucoma

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25
Q

What are fissures?

A

Linear deep skin split through epidermis and into the dermis

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26
Q

What are bullae?

A

Vesicles over 1cm

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27
Q

What rash starts with slapped cheeks and then turns into a lacy rash on trunk?

A

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)

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28
Q

How do you treat a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Biopsy (comes of of nowhere and looks suspicious)

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29
Q

Name it:

Proliferations of benign melanocytes

Macules, papules or plaques at birth

+/- hair

Appearance changes over time

Lesion grows in proportion to size of child

A

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (CMN)

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30
Q

Does infantile acne have comedones?

A

Yes

Neonatal acne does not

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31
Q

What is a concern with diaper dermatitis?

A

Secondary fungal or bacterial infections

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32
Q

When do Infantile hemangiomas grow most rapidly?

A

First 5-7 weeks, so refer early

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33
Q

Is neonatal acne true acne?

A

No, no comedones

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34
Q

What are crusts?

A

Dried serum, blood or pus

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35
Q

What is the colloquial name for nevus simplex/ salmon patch?

A

Stork bite

Angel kiss

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36
Q

“The itch that rashes”

A

Atopic dermatitis/eczema

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37
Q

Primary or secondary lesions:

Scales

Crusts

Excoriation

Erosions

Ulcer

Fissure

Lichenification

Atrophy

A

Secondary

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38
Q

What may arise from nevus sebaceous?

A

BCC or other malignancy

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39
Q

What is Sturge Weber syndrome?

A

If a Port Wine stain is in the V1 distribution- be concerned about congenital glaucoma

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40
Q

Are Mongolian spots (CDM) present at birth?

A

Usually present at birth or become evident in first few weeks

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41
Q

What rash starts with a super high fever that resolves abruptly and then a rash appears?

A

Roseola infantum

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42
Q

Can kids with lice go to school?

A

Yes

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43
Q

What are erosions?

A

Loss of all epidermis from abrasions, vesicales or bullae

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44
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Excavations into the dermis or deeper

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45
Q

Slapped cheek

A

Erythema infectiosum/Fifth disease

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46
Q

What are the 2 phases of infantile hemangiomas?

A

Proliferative phase

Involution phase

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47
Q

Name it:
Patch of bluish-grey pigmentation

Irregular border

Normal skin texture

Usually on buttocks and lower back

A

Mongolian spot (congenital dermal melanocytosis CDM)

48
Q

When does neonatal acne present?

A

First 2-3 weeks of life and resolves by 6-12 months

49
Q

What is a treatment for port wine stains?

A

Pulse dye laser

50
Q

Name it:
Common acquired lobular vascular tumor

Any age

Affects skin prone to trauma and mucous membranes

Develop rapidly

Extremely friable

A

Pyogenic granuloma

51
Q

What rash is unilateral and follows a dermatomal distribution ?

A

Herpes zoster

52
Q

What rash presents as milk-white macules with homogenous depogmentation and well-defined borders?

A

Vitiligo

53
Q

Name it:

Discrete uniformlypigmented macules or patches

Present at birth of appear in early childhood

A

Cafe-au-lait macules

54
Q

Is Aplasia Cutis Congenita present at birth

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the other name of congenital dermal melanocytosis

A

Mongolian spot

56
Q

What is the treatment for aplasia cutis congenita?

A

Keep it clean

Refer to neuro if large or hair collar present

57
Q

What are the 2 major types of vascular anomalies?

A

Vascular tumors

Vascular malformation

58
Q

Cradle cap

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

59
Q

What is the proper way to do wet combing?

A

Wet, fine toothed comb with conditioner or other lubricant

15-60 min every 3-4 days for several weeks

60
Q

What is a plaque

A

Well defined, elevated confluence of papules greater than 1cm

61
Q

How do you treat diaper dermatitis?

A

Barrier pastes/ointments

Low potency steroids

Antifungals

Topical/oral antibiotics

BREAST MILK*** is anti inflammatory and anti microbial

62
Q

What are scales?

A

Dry or greasy flakes of stratum corneum

63
Q

How would you tell an infantile hemangioma apart from a port wine stain?

A

Hemangiomas are not present at birth but PWSs are

64
Q

What causes diaper dermatitis

A

Excessive moisture

Friction

Increased pH causing maceration

65
Q

What bacterial microorganisms can infect diaper dermatitis?

A

S. Aureus

S. Pyogenes

66
Q

Why do pyogenic granulomas recur?

A

Treatment options are traumatic and the cause of the lesion is trauma

67
Q

When does nevus sebaceous become more pronounced?

A

In adolescence when it may become bumpy, warty or scaly

68
Q

What is the etiology of verruca vulgaris?

A

HPV

Verruca vulgaris is common warts

69
Q

What are signs and symptoms of neurofibromatosis?

A

Cafe-au-lait macules

Axillary/inguinal freckling

Lisch nodules

Neurofibromas

Optic gliomas

Skeletal abnormalities

70
Q

What is the difference between vascular tumors and malformation?

A

Tumors are masses that continuously grow- require treatment

Malformations are abnormal vessels that are static or slow growing- may or may not need treatment

71
Q

Are port wine stains present at birth?

A

Yes

72
Q

What is a common complication of infantile hemangioma

A

Ulceration

73
Q 
Primary or secondary lesions:
Macules
Patch
Papule
Nodules
Plaques
Vesicles
Bulla
Pustules
Wheals
A

Primary

74
Q

When does infantile acne present and then resolve?

A

Presents at 3-4 months and resolves by 2-3 years

75
Q

Where do Mongolian spots usually appear?

A

Buttocks and lower back

76
Q

What percentage of neurofibromatosis mutations are new/

A

50%

Rest of the cases are inherited-autosomal dominant disease

77
Q

What is the etiology of Hand, Foot Mouth

A

Coxsackie A16 virus

78
Q

Do nevus simplex (salmon patch) fade?

A

Yes they fade within 1-2 years

79
Q

Mandibular hemangiomas with stridor or hoarseness require:

A

Emergent ENT referral to evaluate for airway compromise (due to their rapid growth)

80
Q

What is the etiology of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Poxvirus

81
Q

What conditions are Cafe-au-lait macules associated with?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

McCune Albright syndrome

82
Q

“Herald Patch”

A

Pityriasis Rosea

83
Q

What is a papule?

A

Solid superficial elevation

84
Q

How do diagnose lice

A

Visualize live lice (wet-combing)

85
Q

Are powders a good treatment for diaper dermatitis?

A

No, respiratory risk of aspiration

86
Q

What are wheals?

A

Plateau-like edemeatous elevations

87
Q

What are risk factors for infantile hemangiomas

A

Low birth weight

Female

Twin

Fair skin

88
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Thickened skin with accentuated skin markings

89
Q

What is the most common pediatric vascular lesion?

A

Nevus simplex (salmon patch)

90
Q

What is the difference between superficial and deep infantile hemangiomas?

A

Superficial usually red

Deep usually blue

91
Q

What is the cause of pyogenic granulomas?

A

Trauma to the skin

92
Q

What is the etiology of tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

93
Q

What fungal microorganisms can infect diaper dermatitis?

A

C. Albicans

94
Q

How do you treat lice

A

Topical pediculicides: pyrethroids, malathion, benzoyl alcohol, spinosad

Wet combing

95
Q

What causes neonatal acne?

A

Inflammatory reaction, possibly to malassezia colonization

96
Q

What rash Starts with the 3C’s, spreads from head to toe, and has Koplik spots?

A

Measles

97
Q

Are pyogenic granulomas acquired?

A

Yes**

98
Q

How could you tell the difference between a candidal infection or impetigo (bacterial) infection of diaper dermatitis?

A

Candidal will be beefy red plaques IN THE SKIN FOLDS

Impetigo will be pustules and HONEY colored erosions

99
Q

Are nevus sebaceous hairy or hairless?

A

Hairless**

100
Q

What is the procedure for using topical pediculicides?

A

Do not use conditioner before application

Rinse in sink

101
Q

Is you see multiple cafe-au-lait spots as well as axillary freckling and lisch nodules in eyes what should you do?

A

Suspect NF1 and refer

102
Q

What happens during the involution phase of an infantile hemangioma?

A

Color darkens and tumor softens

103
Q

What are pustules?

A

Pus-filled elevations

104
Q

What is the treatment for infantile acne?

A

Benzoyl peroxide,

Topical abx

Topical retinoids

105
Q

What is a nodule

A

A papule that’s bigger than 1cm and deeper

106
Q

What does a tuft of hair surrounding an aplasia cutis congenita indicate?

A

Neural tube defect

107
Q

What are the spots in the eyes associated with NF1 called?

A

Lisch nodules

108
Q

What is excoriation?

A

Scratch marks

Shallow, bloody, linear excavations

109
Q

Name it:
Faint, transient capillary malformation

Flat, pink/red patch

On head, face neck and back

A

Nevus simplex (salmon patch)

110
Q

What is the etiology of erythema infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B-19

111
Q

What children get monlgolian spots the most

A

Asian»black>Hispanic

112
Q

Name it:
Proliferation of benign melanocytes

Pigmented macules, papules or plaques

May be hairy

Risk of melanoma when “large/giant” sized

A

Congenital melanocytic nevus

Giant mole

113
Q

Name it:
Entrapment of melanocytes in dermis

Blue-gray pignemtnation, ill-defined

Benign

Usually on buttocks/lower back

A

Mongolian spot

CDM

114
Q

Name it:
Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, epidermis, hair follicles, apocrine glands

Smooth, yellow-orange, HAIRLESS patch

More pronounced in adolescence

A

Nevus sebaceous

115
Q

Name it:
Absence of skin present at birth

Superficial erosion, ulceration or scar

Atypical/large or hair collar sign indicate need for imaging

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

Pediatrics Exam 2 (Lauren) (3 decks)

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