Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards by Lauren F

What is the treatment for neonatal acne?

Reassuracne that it will go away in a few months without scarring

Soap and water

Ketoconazole/hydrocortisone might help speed it up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name it:
Absence of skin present at birth

Most commonly found midline-posterior scalp

Well demarcated

Aplasia Cutis Congenital (ACC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blueberry Muffin

Rubella (German measles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What rash presents as flesh colored, pearly papules with umbilication

Located anywhere except palms and soles

Molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a patch

A macule that’s bigger than 1cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name it:
Cutaneous capillary malformation

Present at birth and never fades

Pink or dark red patches

Port wine stain

Vascular malformation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the etiology of diaper dermatitis?

Irritant/contact dermatitis but could be other skin conditions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens during the proliferative phase of an infantile hemangioma

Early: rapid growth during first 3 months

Late: less rapid growth, completed by 9 months of age

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes infantile acne?

Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common pigmented lesion in infants?

Mongolian Spot (congenital dermal melanocytosis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name it:
Hyperplasia of epidermis, sebaceous glands, hair follicles or apocrine glands

Waxy, solitary, smooth, yellow-orange Hairless patch

Nevus sebaceous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a macule?

Flat colored spot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is atrophy?

Decreased skin thickness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are vesicles?

Fluid filled elevations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Does the presence of nits indicate an active lice infection

No, nits may persist for months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are congenital melanocytic nevi present at birth?

Yes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Should you treat infantile acne?

Yes to prevent scarring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name it:
Common benign vascular tumor

Not present at birth, but appears shortly after

May be superficial and bright red

Or deep with a bluish color

Infantile hemangiomas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What rash presents as a generalized vesicular, pruritic rash with lesions that occur at different stages over 4 days?

Varicella

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do port wine stains ever fade?

No they might even get darker or thicker

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are Aplasia cutis congenita usually found?

Midline posterior scalp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the correlation between the size of a congenital melanocytic nevus and it’s malignancy?

The bigger the CMN, the higher risk of malignancy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When do Mongolian spots go away?

Fade by age 2

Disappear by age 10

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Port wine stains in a V1 distribution require:

Urgent optho evaluation. May be congenital glaucoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are fissures?

Linear deep skin split through epidermis and into the dermis

What are bullae?

Vesicles over 1cm

What rash starts with slapped cheeks and then turns into a lacy rash on trunk?

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)

How do you treat a pyogenic granuloma?

Biopsy (comes of of nowhere and looks suspicious)

Name it: Proliferations of benign melanocytes Macules, papules or plaques at birth +/- hair Appearance changes over time Lesion grows in proportion to size of child

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (CMN)

Does infantile acne have comedones?

Yes | Neonatal acne does not

What is a concern with diaper dermatitis?

Secondary fungal or bacterial infections

When do Infantile hemangiomas grow most rapidly?

First 5-7 weeks, so refer early

Is neonatal acne true acne?

No, no comedones

What are crusts?

Dried serum, blood or pus

What is the colloquial name for nevus simplex/ salmon patch?

Stork bite Angel kiss

“The itch that rashes”

Atopic dermatitis/eczema

Primary or secondary lesions: Scales Crusts Excoriation Erosions Ulcer Fissure Lichenification Atrophy

Secondary

What may arise from nevus sebaceous?

BCC or other malignancy

What is Sturge Weber syndrome?

If a Port Wine stain is in the V1 distribution- be concerned about congenital glaucoma

Are Mongolian spots (CDM) present at birth?

Usually present at birth or become evident in first few weeks

What rash starts with a super high fever that resolves abruptly and then a rash appears?

Roseola infantum

Can kids with lice go to school?

Yes

What are erosions?

Loss of all epidermis from abrasions, vesicales or bullae

What is an ulcer?

Excavations into the dermis or deeper

Slapped cheek

Erythema infectiosum/Fifth disease

What are the 2 phases of infantile hemangiomas?

Proliferative phase Involution phase

Name it: Patch of bluish-grey pigmentation Irregular border Normal skin texture Usually on buttocks and lower back

Mongolian spot (congenital dermal melanocytosis CDM)

When does neonatal acne present?

First 2-3 weeks of life and resolves by 6-12 months

What is a treatment for port wine stains?

Pulse dye laser

Name it: Common acquired lobular vascular tumor Any age Affects skin prone to trauma and mucous membranes Develop rapidly Extremely friable

Pyogenic granuloma

What rash is unilateral and follows a dermatomal distribution ?

Herpes zoster

What rash presents as milk-white macules with homogenous depogmentation and well-defined borders?

Vitiligo

Name it: Discrete uniformlypigmented macules or patches Present at birth of appear in early childhood

Cafe-au-lait macules

Is Aplasia Cutis Congenita present at birth

Yes

What is the other name of congenital dermal melanocytosis

Mongolian spot

What is the treatment for aplasia cutis congenita?

Keep it clean Refer to neuro if large or hair collar present

What are the 2 major types of vascular anomalies?

Vascular tumors Vascular malformation

Cradle cap

Seborrheic dermatitis

What is the proper way to do wet combing?

Wet, fine toothed comb with conditioner or other lubricant 15-60 min every 3-4 days for several weeks

What is a plaque

Well defined, elevated confluence of papules greater than 1cm

How do you treat diaper dermatitis?

Barrier pastes/ointments Low potency steroids Antifungals Topical/oral antibiotics BREAST MILK*** is anti inflammatory and anti microbial

What are scales?

Dry or greasy flakes of stratum corneum

How would you tell an infantile hemangioma apart from a port wine stain?

Hemangiomas are not present at birth but PWSs are

What causes diaper dermatitis

Excessive moisture Friction Increased pH causing maceration

What bacterial microorganisms can infect diaper dermatitis?

S. Aureus S. Pyogenes

Why do pyogenic granulomas recur?

Treatment options are traumatic and the cause of the lesion is trauma

When does nevus sebaceous become more pronounced?

In adolescence when it may become bumpy, warty or scaly

What is the etiology of verruca vulgaris?

HPV | Verruca vulgaris is common warts

What are signs and symptoms of neurofibromatosis?

Cafe-au-lait macules Axillary/inguinal freckling Lisch nodules Neurofibromas Optic gliomas Skeletal abnormalities

What is the difference between vascular tumors and malformation?

Tumors are masses that continuously grow- require treatment Malformations are abnormal vessels that are static or slow growing- may or may not need treatment

Are port wine stains present at birth?

Yes

What is a common complication of infantile hemangioma

Ulceration

``` Primary or secondary lesions: Macules Patch Papule Nodules Plaques Vesicles Bulla Pustules Wheals ```

Primary

When does infantile acne present and then resolve?

Presents at 3-4 months and resolves by 2-3 years

Where do Mongolian spots usually appear?

Buttocks and lower back

What percentage of neurofibromatosis mutations are new/

50% | Rest of the cases are inherited-autosomal dominant disease

What is the etiology of Hand, Foot Mouth

Coxsackie A16 virus

Do nevus simplex (salmon patch) fade?

Yes they fade within 1-2 years

Mandibular hemangiomas with stridor or hoarseness require:

Emergent ENT referral to evaluate for airway compromise (due to their rapid growth)

What is the etiology of molluscum contagiosum?

Poxvirus

What conditions are Cafe-au-lait macules associated with?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 McCune Albright syndrome

“Herald Patch”

Pityriasis Rosea

What is a papule?

Solid superficial elevation

How do diagnose lice

Visualize live lice (wet-combing)

Are powders a good treatment for diaper dermatitis?

No, respiratory risk of aspiration

What are wheals?

Plateau-like edemeatous elevations

What are risk factors for infantile hemangiomas

Low birth weight Female Twin Fair skin

What is lichenification?

Thickened skin with accentuated skin markings

What is the most common pediatric vascular lesion?

Nevus simplex (salmon patch)

What is the difference between superficial and deep infantile hemangiomas?

Superficial usually red | Deep usually blue

What is the cause of pyogenic granulomas?

Trauma to the skin

What is the etiology of tinea versicolor?

Malassezia furfur

What fungal microorganisms can infect diaper dermatitis?

C. Albicans

How do you treat lice

Topical pediculicides: pyrethroids, malathion, benzoyl alcohol, spinosad Wet combing

What causes neonatal acne?

Inflammatory reaction, possibly to malassezia colonization

What rash Starts with the 3C’s, spreads from head to toe, and has Koplik spots?

Measles

Are pyogenic granulomas acquired?

Yes**

How could you tell the difference between a candidal infection or impetigo (bacterial) infection of diaper dermatitis?

Candidal will be beefy red plaques IN THE SKIN FOLDS Impetigo will be pustules and HONEY colored erosions

Are nevus sebaceous hairy or hairless?

Hairless**

What is the procedure for using topical pediculicides?

Do not use conditioner before application Rinse in sink

Is you see multiple cafe-au-lait spots as well as axillary freckling and lisch nodules in eyes what should you do?

Suspect NF1 and refer

What happens during the involution phase of an infantile hemangioma?

Color darkens and tumor softens

What are pustules?

Pus-filled elevations

What is the treatment for infantile acne?

Benzoyl peroxide, Topical abx Topical retinoids

What is a nodule

A papule that’s bigger than 1cm and deeper

What does a tuft of hair surrounding an aplasia cutis congenita indicate?

Neural tube defect

What are the spots in the eyes associated with NF1 called?

Lisch nodules

What is excoriation?

Scratch marks Shallow, bloody, linear excavations

Name it: Faint, transient capillary malformation Flat, pink/red patch On head, face neck and back

Nevus simplex (salmon patch)

What is the etiology of erythema infectiosum?

Parvovirus B-19

What children get monlgolian spots the most

Asian>>black>Hispanic

Name it: Proliferation of benign melanocytes Pigmented macules, papules or plaques May be hairy Risk of melanoma when “large/giant” sized

Congenital melanocytic nevus | Giant mole

Name it: Entrapment of melanocytes in dermis Blue-gray pignemtnation, ill-defined Benign Usually on buttocks/lower back

Mongolian spot | CDM

Name it: Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, epidermis, hair follicles, apocrine glands Smooth, yellow-orange, HAIRLESS patch More pronounced in adolescence

Nevus sebaceous

Name it: Absence of skin present at birth Superficial erosion, ulceration or scar Atypical/large or hair collar sign indicate need for imaging

Aplasia cutis congenita