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Pediatric Dentistry - ABGD Oral Boards > Pediatric Dentistry Mock Oral Boards > Flashcards

Pediatric Dentistry Mock Oral Boards Flashcards

1
Q

What do you know aobut non-nutriative sucking habits?

How common is it?

A
  • Normal, very common from 0.12 months
  • 50% of children stop by 28 months
  • Average age of stopping is 44 months
  • 10% continue to 5 years
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2
Q

Why would you want to treat a non-nutriative sucking habit?

A
  • May result in anterior open bite
  • Malocclusion
  • Proclined/flard incisors
  • Lingoversion of lower incisors
  • Posterior crossbite with constricted maxilla
  • Posterior cross bite may appear as a unilateral cross bite
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3
Q

How do you treat a non-nutriative sucking habit?

A
  • Gentle persuasion
  • Dissociate activity
  • Reward/calendar
  • Reminders - gloves - bitter nail polish
  • Crib/fence/rakes, bluegrass, quad helix
  • If they already have paltal constriction; know what a bluegrass appliance looks like
  • Check the appliance every 3 months, maintain past 6 months
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4
Q

What appliance is this?

A

Quad Helix

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5
Q

What appliance is this?

A

W - Arch

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6
Q

What appliance is this?

A

Hyrax

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7
Q

What appliance is this?

A

Quad Helix

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8
Q

When is a good time to begin palatal expansion?

A
  • The mid palatal suture develops into bone which makes the palate difficult to separate
  • Can begin as soon as posterior cross bite is noticed and patient will accept
  • Early correction if there is a mandibular shift (could results in asymmetric growth pattern)
  • Can be nice to wait until molars come in because there is something to bond to…and they may erupt in cross bite and you would have to redo treatment
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9
Q

Is a functional shift common?

A
  • 90% of patients have a functional shift (not many true unilateral cross bite)
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10
Q

What measurement do you turn the RPE?

How many days does this treatment last?

How long do you stabilze for?

A
  • 1 turns is 0.25 mm
  • 0.5 mm per day for 10 - 14 days
  • Stabilize for 6 months after you get to where it needs to be
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11
Q

What should you tell the patient to anticipate while undergoing RPE?

A
  • Anticipate diastema
  • It’s going to hurt
  • Turn the screw the correct direction!
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12
Q

What determines the need for treatment for an ectopic eruption?

A
  • 2/3 self correct
  • Observe for 6 months then make a decision
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13
Q

What are your treatment options for correcting an ectopic eruption?

A
  • 20 mil brass wire loop
  • Elastomeric tooth separator
  • Steel spring clip
  • Fixed appliance-band on the primary molar
  • Halterman
  • Humphrey
  • Cut a prep in the distal of the primary molar to put a spring
  • Disc primary tooth to accommodate space
  • Extraction, with distal shoe
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14
Q

What appliance is this?

What is it used for?

A

Halterman

Ectopic Eruption

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15
Q

What appliance is this?

What is it used for?

A

Humphrey

Ectopic Eruption

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16
Q

What is the maximum dose of lidocaine in yougn children?

A
  • 4.4 mg/kg
  • 18kg X 4.4 mg/kg = 79/36 = 2 carpules
17
Q

What are signs that a child is having a toxic reaction to local anesthesia?

A
  • Toxic reactions are initially manifested by CNS excitation
  • Tremors
  • Seizures
  • Respiratory depression
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of consciousness
18
Q

How much Lido could a 30lb child receive?

A
  • 90 mg of LIdocaine with epi
  • There are 36 mg/cartridge
  • So the child cold tolerate around 2.5 cartridges
  • An eaiser way to remember this is that you may use up to 1 carpule of 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for each 12lb of child
  • If you are using Lidocaine without epinephrine, the amount is 1 carpule for every 18lb of child
  • In a child for a mandibular block you go in at a 45 degree angle, for an adult its parallel to the occlusal plane
19
Q

How would you manage this injury? (Likely a picture of intruded primary tooth) - Patient’s mother says the toth was not avulsed…

A
  • Head and c-spine cleared?
  • Watch and wait for re-eruption
  • Anticipatory guidance regarding damage to the permanent tooth
20
Q

Patient’s mother comes into your office and hands you a tooth in a cup of fluid…

What kind of storage media would you recommend for an avulsed tooth?

What is the best?

A
  • Hanks > Sterile Saline > Saliva > Milk > Water/Dry
21
Q

Name some differences between primary and permanent teeth…

A
  • High pulp horns (especially mesiofacial)
  • Large pulp chamber
  • Cervical bulge - greater constriction of crown at CEJ
  • Enamel prisms don’t expand like a sunray - no need to bevel the gingival margins
  • Enamel whiter in color
  • Dentin lighter in color
  • Thinner enamel and dentin than permanent teeth
  • Broader flatter contact areas
  • Shallower pits and fissures
  • Relatively narrower occlusal table
  • Pulp testing unreliable
22
Q

How much fluoride is in water?

A
  • Fluoride in water varies between 0.7 and 1.2 ppm depending on the region’s climate
  • Lower levels recommended for hotter climates where more water is consumed
23
Q

Is water fluoridation is > 0.6 ppm, what don’t we do?

A

Do not supplement fluoride!

24
Q

Is fluoride poisonous?

A
  • Probably toxic 5 mg/kg
  • Cetainly lethal 15 mg/kg
  • If < 8 mg/kg > milke, observed > 6 hours, refer if symptoms
  • If > 8 mg/kg or unknown > induce vomiting, milk, refer
  • Symptoms of excessive fluoride are gastric and headaches
25
Q

What is the Halo Effect?

A
  • Total sum of all sources of Fluoride
  • Water
  • Toothpaste
  • Fluoride rinses
  • Supplements
  • Processed foods and beverages
26
Q

What are the most time sensitive period in devleopment of maxillary central incisors?

A
  • 15 - 24 months for boys
  • 21-30 months for girls
27
Q

How would you treatment plan a non-vital tooth?

What are some factors that you would consider when making this decision?

A
  • Pulpectomy and SSC or
  • Extraction and space maintenance
  • Behavior
  • Success of treatment
28
Q

Describe a pulpectomy in a primary tooth…

How would you do the procedure?

A
  • Root canal procedure for pulp tissue that is irreversibly infection or necrotic due to caries or trauma
  • The root canals are debrided
  • Enlarged
  • Disinfected
  • Filled with a resorbable material such as nonreinforced zinc oxide-eugenol
  • Restore with restoration that seals the tooth from microleakage
29
Q

What are indications for a pulpectomy in a primary tooth?

A
  • Irreversible pulpitis
  • Necrosis
  • A tooth treatment planned for pulpotomy in wich the radicular pulp exhibits clinical signs of pulp necrosis such as excessive hemorrhage
  • The roots should exhibit minimal or no resorption
30
Q

What are objectives of a pulpectomy in a primary tooth?

A
  • Radiographic infections process should resolve in 6 months
  • The pretreatment clinical signs and symptoms should resolve within 2 weeks
  • Radiographic evidence of successful filling without gross overextension or underfilling
  • The treatment should permit resorption of primary tooth root structures and filling materials at the appropriate time to permit normal eruption of the succedaneous tooth
  • There should be no pathologic root resorption or furcation/apical radiolucency

Pediatric Dentistry - ABGD Oral Boards (2 decks)

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