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Pediatric Dentistry - ABGD Oral Boards > ABGD - Oral Board Review > Flashcards

ABGD - Oral Board Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair (STR)?

A
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2
Q

What is the max dose of Articaine (Septocaine) for a child?

A

4.5 mg/kg

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3
Q

Describe Voice Control…

A
  • Alteration of volume, tone, pace
  • Could be viewed as aversive
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4
Q

In the Late Mixed dentition, if you are missing Multiple Molars, what appliances are you thinking?

A

Nance / Lower Lingual Holding Arch

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5
Q

When do permanent teeth begin Initiation?

A
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6
Q

What is a toxic dose of F for a todler and for an infant?

A
  • 50 mg for 10 kg toddler
  • 35 mg for 7 kg infant
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7
Q

What is the recommened F dose for Birth to < 6 months?

A
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8
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Ectopic Eruption

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9
Q

In the world of Regenerative Endodontics, what can Growth Factors produce?

A
  • Proteins that signal cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation
  • Currently come from root canal dentin
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10
Q

What system does Nitrous oxide effect?

A

Effects in CNS for anxiolysis

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Removable Acrylic Saddle Appliance

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12
Q

When does Mineralization occur for the primary dentition?

A
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13
Q

Describe Positive pre-visit imagery?

A
  • Provide positive visuals prior to appt
  • Allows relevant questioning
  • Sets early expectations
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14
Q

What is the recommend F dose for 3 years < 6 years?

A
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15
Q

Can Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride etch porcelain restorations? T/F

A

True!

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16
Q

What are these?

A

Epstein Pearls

Trapped epithelial remnants on mid palatal raphe

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17
Q

In the Late Mixed Dentition, if you are missing the 1st Molar, what appliance are you thinking?

A

None

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18
Q

What is the 3 mix for Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair?

A
  1. Metronidazole
  2. Miprofloxacin
  3. Minocyline
  • Clindaymycin + Iodoform
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19
Q

What are some examples of memory restructuring in regards to Visual reminders and positive verbal reinforcement?

A
  • Photo of pre-visit
  • “Do you remember when you opened so big and you were so brave?
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20
Q

For moderate to high risk caries recall - you would take BW xr how often?

A

Every 6 - 12 Months

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21
Q

What are some objectives of Pulp Therapy for primary teeth?

A
  • Maintain integrity and health
  • Retain primary tooth until normal exfoliation
  • Maintain Vitality of the pulp
  • Intergral for apexogenesis
  • Favorable crown/root
  • Thick dentin walls
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22
Q

What are some attributes of Calcium Hydroxide as a Vital Pulp Therapy Agent?

A
  • High solubility
  • Low compressive strength
  • Poor sealing ability
  • Cover with RMGI
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23
Q

What is an appropriate dose of Ibuprofen for a child > 12?

A
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24
Q

Is it a good idea to subject kids to pulp testing?

A
  • Pulp testing is difficult
  • EPT is scary
  • Thermal test confusing to kids
  • Pain is a sign of pulp distress
  • Utilize your radiographs
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25
Q

What are 2 materials you can use for DPC on Primary teeth?

A
  1. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)
  2. Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH2)
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26
Q

What is the most favorable eruption sequence for primary dentition?

A

Remember your kid!

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27
Q

What is Gemination?

A

Single pulp chamber w/bifid crown

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28
Q

What is the toxic level of F/kg?

A

5 mg/kg

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29
Q

What helps reduce F levels to very low…

A
  • Reverse Osmosis
  • Distillation
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30
Q

Describe distraction regarding basic beahvior guidance…

A
  • Video or television viewing
  • Video games
  • Holding a leg, pointing toes
  • Focs on setting alginate
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31
Q

Where are Primate Spaces in the Maxilla?

A
  • Theya re mesial to the pirmary canines in the maxilla
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32
Q

In the Primary dentition, if you are missing a 2nd molar, think _____ for an appliance…

A

Distal Shoe

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33
Q

What material do you place just under the SSC?

A

IRM or hard set ZOE

AAPD guideline allows amalgam or resin composite if exfoliation expected in < 2 years

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34
Q

What are some communication tecniques when talking with parents?

A
  • Patient and parent centered approach
  • Avoid Tell-Tell-Tell where only you speak
  • Become teacher to the parent
  • Find their level and communicate there with exchange of information
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35
Q

Regarding Regenerative Endodontic Procedures, what structures do they aim to replace when damaged?

A
  • Dentin
  • Root structures
  • Cells of the pulp-dentin complex
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36
Q

What teeth are good cases for Pulpectomy?

A
  • Primary incisors
  • Primary cuspids
  • Primary 2nd molars
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37
Q

How do you instrument/irrigate a tooth in need of Apexification?

A
  • Local anes/RD
  • Remove coronal and redicular pulp
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Sodium Hypochlorite
  • Saline
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38
Q

What is Vital Pulp Therapy?

A

Apexogenesis

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39
Q

What do you do after performing a Cvek Pulpotomy to restore?

A
  • MTA (White)
  • Calcium Hydroxide
  • Restore with sealing restoration
  • Radiographs at 6, 12, months - Clinicians Discretion
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40
Q

What are the indications for a Distal Shoe?

A
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41
Q

For the Late Mixed dentition, if you are missing the 2nd molar, you are thinking ______________ for an appliance

A

Nance / Transpalatal Arch / Lower Lingual Holding Arch

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42
Q

What do you do to a tooth receiving Apexification at a 2 - 3 week follow up?

A
  • Replace CaOH2
  • Reassess closure in 6 months
  • Obturate with GP
  • Restore tooth
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43
Q

What are the indications for band and loop?

A
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44
Q

What is the best predictor of occlusion for the permanent occlusion?

A

Primary Canines

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45
Q

What are 2 things that describe Sodium Hypochlorite?

A
  • Highly corrosive
  • Mutagenic
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46
Q

What is this?

A

Nance Appliance

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47
Q

What does a Cvek Pulpotmy allow?

A
  • Partial Pulpotomy
  • Preserves pulp vitality
  • Allows apexogenesis
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48
Q

Describe Tell-Show-Do…

A
  • Explain at appropriate level
  • Non-threatening demonstration
  • Proceed without deviation
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49
Q

What is another way to obturate a tooth receiving Apexification therapy?

A
  • MTA (Coll-tape)
  • Apical 4 mm
  • Thermoplastic GP
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50
Q

Are young permanent teeth good candidates for pulpectomy?

A

No!

Wide apices

Thin roots

Unfavorable crown/root ratio

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51
Q

What does Apexification help induce?

A
  • Induce root end closure
  • Pulpectomy has poor prognosis
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52
Q

What is the clinical sequence for a Pulpotomy?

A
  1. Anesthesia RD
  2. Prepare tooth for SSC
  3. Caries removal
  4. Access pulp chamber
  5. Amputate pulp to stump orifices
  6. Achieve Hemostasis with wet cotton
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53
Q

What is the recommend F dose from 6 to at least 16 years?

A
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54
Q

When you have Transitional Dentition (first permanent tooth), what x-rays should you order?

A

Panoramic and BW Xr

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55
Q

What is the ideal N20 level set at?

You want no more than what percent of N20?

A
  • Ideal at 30% - 40%
  • No more than 50%
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56
Q

Describe Memory Restructing in regards to basic behavior guidance…

A

Difficult event memories turned positive

  • Visual reminders
  • Positive reinforcement through verbalization
  • Concrete examples
  • Sense of accomplishment
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57
Q

1.1% APF = _______

A

12,300 ppm

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58
Q

1.1% NaF = _______

A

5000 ppm

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59
Q

What is the recommended ppm of F in water?

A

.7 ppm

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60
Q

What is this?

A
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61
Q

When do Permanent Mandibular Teeth Erupt?

A
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62
Q

What is the max dose of Mepivacaine 3% in a child?

A

4.4. mg/kg

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63
Q

What is the goal of Apexogenesis?

A

Promote root development

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64
Q

What are some indications to do a Direct Pulp Cap on a permanent tooth…

A
  • Early Traumatic Pulp Exposure
  • Machanical Pulp Exposure
  • Small Carious Exposure
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65
Q

When conducting Apexification, what do you do after irrigating?

A
  • Dry canals
  • Calcium Hydroxide
  • Cotton
  • Zoe
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66
Q

In the wordl of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures, what can Stem Cells produce?

A
  • Apical Papilla
  • Dental Pulp
  • Periodontal Ligament
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67
Q

When is the Initiation of development for the primary centrals, laterals, canines, 1st molars, and 2nd molars?

A
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68
Q

What are some justifications for SSC’s?

A
  • Extensive caries
  • Developmental defects
  • When failure with other materials is likely
  • If tooth is to be used for a space maintainer
  • High caries risk children
  • Treatment performed under seation or general anesthesia
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69
Q

After a Pulpectomy, what do you do aftter the obturation?

A
  • Restore with SSC
  • Make radiograph
  • No overfill or underfill
  • Radiographic resolution within 6 months
  • Normal resorption and eruption of permeant tooth
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70
Q

What do you assess during an infants first dental exam?

A
  • Oral assessment
  • Anticipatory guidance
  • Caries risk
  • Counseling on diet
  • Fluoride
  • Oral Hygiene
  • Habits
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71
Q

When can you re-enter a tooth receiving Apexification Treatment?

A

2 - 3 weeks

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72
Q

What is the recommened F dose for 6 months < 3 years?

A
73
Q

What is a fail safe rang efor delivering Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Inhalation?

A

30% - 100% Oxygen

74
Q

Regarding memory restructuring, what is an example of concrete example of sense of accomplishment?

A
  • “Show me again how you opened your mouth!”
  • “Don’t you remember how you helped us finish everything last time?”
75
Q

For a Pulpotomy, how long do you use Forocresol?

A
  • 1 min
  • MTA
  • Biodentine
  • Ferric Sulfate: 10-15 sec
  • NaOCl 5% sec
  • Electrosurgery or LASER
76
Q

For a young permanent tooth with a non-vital pulp think…

A

Pulpectomy, Apexification, Endodontic Regeneration

77
Q

What are the 3 different Occlusal Schemes for the Primary Dentition?

A
78
Q

When is eruption for the primary max dentition?

A
79
Q

What are indications for a Nance Appliance?

A
80
Q

What are your obturation materials for the primary dentition?

A
  • Calcium Hydroxide
  • Zinc oxide/Eugenol
  • ZOE/Formocresol
  • Iodoform/Calcium Hydroxide
81
Q

Describe how you would conduct an Indirect Pulp Cap on a permanent tooth…

A
  • RD or equivalent
  • Deep caries/no exposure
  • Stepwise not required
  • Remove caries around DEJ
  • Leave thin layer of affected dentin over pulp
82
Q

What is the retention of Apexogenesis dependent on?

A
  • Favorable crown/root
  • Thick dentin walls
83
Q

When do you utilize Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair?

A

Necrotic/abscessed primary teeth

84
Q

What is the Eruption Sequence for permanent max/man teeth after first molars have erupted?

A
  • Max: 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 - 3
  • Man: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
85
Q

What is this?

A

Transpalatal Arch

86
Q

What are 2 guidelines regarding Parental presence/absence?

A
  • Beneficial if parent supportive
  • Only have 1 parent in treatment room
87
Q

5% NaF = ____ ppm = _____ mg/cc

A

22,500 ppm, 22.5 mg/cc

88
Q

_________ is primary teeth is normal

A

Spacing

89
Q

F ion 0.1% = ______

A

1000 ppm

90
Q

Describe Direct Observation…

A
  • Show video or allow observation of cooperative patient
  • Aids familiarization
  • Gives opportunity for questions
91
Q

What is a good measurement to get before delivering local anesthsia to a child?

A

Accurate weight

92
Q

Describe Ask - Tell - Ask…

A
  • Ask about patient’s visit and feelings about planned procedure
  • Tell - explain procedure at child’s level
  • Ask again how they feel about planned tx and explain again if necessary
  • Confirm comfort and understanding
93
Q

0.2% NaF = _____

A

900 ppm

94
Q

What is considered success in Apexification Success?

A
  • No root resorption
  • No periradiular pathosis
  • Continued eruption and Alveolar growth
95
Q

How often do you order BW Xr in a high caries risk patient?

A

6-12 Months

96
Q

What are some advantages of Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Inhalation?

A
  • Anxiolysis
  • Analgesia
  • Decrease in gag reflex
  • Ability to titrate
97
Q

What teeth are often Congentially missing? In what order…

2nd premolars, max laterals, max 2nd premolars, 3rd molars

A

3rd molars > man 2nd premolars > max laterals > max 2nd premolars

98
Q

What is the goal of Space Maintenance?

A
  • Holding the anterior-posterior or transverse dimension of the dental arches to minimize or prevent space loss and/or the development of a malocclusion
99
Q

What percent of Ectopic Eruptions self correct?

A

66%

100
Q

For pain management, kids under 4 are…

A

More sensitive, but less communicative

101
Q

What are some circumstanes that would render Delaying tratment or deferring definitive treatment?

A
  • Very young patients
  • Caries control restorations
102
Q

In the Early Mixed Dentition, if you are missing the 2nd molar, think _______ as possible appliance therapy…

A

Nance / Transpalatal Arch / Band and Loop

103
Q

What is the best way to diagnose Supernumeraries?

A

Max occlusal radiograph

104
Q

For a Primary vital tooth think…

A

Liner, IPC, DPC, Pulpotomy

105
Q

What are some Advantages of parental presence?

A
  • Parents want to be there
  • Parent see our caring approach
  • Rapid informed consent for changes
  • Redcued patient anxiety (?)
  • Parent understanding for negative outcome
106
Q

Describe Positive reinforcement and descriptive praise…

A
  • Give appropriate feedback to guide behavior
  • Describe what is done well
  • “Thanks a lot for holding so stil and sitting on your hands big boy!”
107
Q

What is the pH of Ferric Sulfate?

A

1

108
Q

Describe the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale?

A
  • 1: Definitely Negative –
  • 2: Negative: -
    1. Positive: +
  • 4: Definitely Positive: + +
109
Q

What are some objectives of performing an Indirect Pulp Cap/Primary Tooth/Vital Pulp?

A
  • More successful than pulpotomy
  • Stimulate healing and repair
  • Preserve vitality
  • Arrest advance of caries

ie. DBA, RMGI, CAOH2, or ZOE

110
Q

Describe the effect of Obturation Materials in the Primary Dentition…

A
  • Dry canals and obturate
  • Resorbs at rate of tooth
  • Harmless to periodontium
  • Harmless to tooth germ
  • Resorbs if pressed beyond apex
  • Easily inserted/Removed
  • Strongly antiseptic
111
Q

What is the most favorable eruption sequence for the Maxillary Permanent Dentition?

A

6-1-2-4-5-3-7-8

112
Q

What is the recommendation for brushing and amount of tooth paste?

A
  • Recommend twice daily brushing
  • Smear (rice size) at eruption of first tooth
  • Parents must supervise small children
113
Q

What are indications for the Transpalatal Arch?

A
114
Q

What is the most effective topical application of Fluoride?

A

Dentifrice

115
Q

What are 2 sequelae of Nitrous oxide and oxygen inhalation?

A
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diffusion hypoxia
116
Q

2% NaF gel = _____ ppm

A

9040 ppm = 9 mg/cc

117
Q

What is the clinical sequence of performing Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair?

A
  • Pulpotomy
  • Canal orifice reservoir
  • Clean pulp chamber
  • 35% phosphoric acid
  • Hemostasis
  • 3Mix on chamber floor
  • Glass Ionomer
  • SSC
118
Q

Regarding Professionally applied Gels/Foam - 1.23% APF = _______ ppm

A

12,300 ppm = 12.3 mg/cc

119
Q

If you have open proximal contacts and no disease, do you need x-rays?

A

No x-rays needed for examination

120
Q

What are the 3 pillars of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures?

A
  1. Stem Cells
  2. Scaffols
  3. Growth Factors
121
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Fluoride?

A

Topical

  • Inhibits Demineralization
  • Promotes Remineralization

Antibacterial

  • Disrupts Enzyme Systems

Systemic

  • Reduces acid solubility
122
Q

Why use Formocresol for Pulpotomies?

A
  • Used for > 80 years for primary tooth pulpotomies
  • Standard for all techniques
  • Formaldehyde in high levels is carcinogenic
  • Formaldehyde is intermediate for amino acids and lipids, normally present at 2-3 mg/L of blood
  • Formocresol rapidly metabolized to formate and C02, and presents “inconsequential risk”
123
Q

When should a child’s first dental exam be?

A

First visit no later than 12 months of age

124
Q

Does the pellicle inhibit F uptake?

A

No!

125
Q

What does Distal step molars always lead to…

A

Class II

126
Q

What can mishandled MTA lead to?

A
  • Respiratory and skin irritant, ocular damage
  • Silica is human carcinogen
127
Q

What type of pulp therapy can you perform in a non-vital tooth?

A

Apexification

128
Q

What is the max doese of Lidocaine for a child?

A

4.4 mg/kg

129
Q

Does a DPC on a primary tooth have a good prognosis?

A
  • Poor prognosis
  • Must be clean, pin-point or mecahnical pulp exposure
  • Asymtomatic
  • No radiographic signs of pathosis
  • Minimal to no bleeding
130
Q

When do Permanent Mandibular Teeth Mineralize?

A
131
Q

What are some Contraindications for Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Inhalation?

A
  • First trimester of pregnancy
  • Nasal Obstruction (relative)
  • INability to accept nasal hood
  • Large meal within 2 hour of treatment
132
Q

What are 3 examples of Advanced Bahvior Guidance techniques?

A
  • Protective stabilization (Papoose)
  • Sedation
  • General Anesthesia
133
Q

What clinical signs contribute to poor candidates for pulpotomies?

A
  • Severe Toothache
  • Persistent Toothache
  • Abnormal Mobility
  • Percussion Pain
134
Q

If a Varnish is placed, what should you adivse the pt to do?

A

Advise do not brush until the next day

135
Q

If you have closed proximal contacts, what do you order x-ray wise?

A

Posterior BW and or selected periapical/occlusal views

136
Q

What are some goals of Vital Pulp Therapy Liners?

A
  • Preserve vitality
  • Promote healing
  • Minimize micro leakage

i.e. DBA, GI, Calcium Hydroxide

137
Q

When do Permanent Maxillary Teeth Erupt?

A
138
Q

What are some examples of liners you could place on primary teeth with a vital pulp?

A
  • DBA
  • GI
  • Ca (OH)2
139
Q

What is this?

A

Band and Loop

140
Q

What can the halo effect lead to?

A

Fluorosis

Infant formula, juices, and other beverages…

141
Q

What are some different appliances you can use to help treat Ectopic Eruption?

A
  • Brass Wire
  • Elastomeric Orthodontic Separator
  • De-impactor
  • Humphrey appliance
  • Halterman appliance
142
Q

What does the Scaffold facilitate in the world of Regenerative Endodontics?

A
  • Matrix for organizing, proliferating, differentiating, revascularization
  • Blood clots
  • Natural or synthetic materials
143
Q

What is the most ideal eruption sequence for the Permanent dentition in the mandible?

A

6-1-2-3-4-5-7-8

144
Q

What is this?

A

Dental Lamina Cysts

Remnants of dental lamina on crest of alveolar ridge

145
Q

What is an Ectopic Eruption?

A
146
Q

Is it a good idea to conduct a Pulpotmy on a seriously ill child, with cyclic or chornic granulocyte or PMN depression?

A

No!

Best choice is extraction

Can have life threatening sequelae from failed treatment

147
Q

How do you instrument/irrigate a young permanent tooth for a pulpotomy?

A
  • RD or equivalent
  • Sterile bur
  • Remove 2 -3 mm of pulp
  • Hemostasis
  • CHX or Sodium Hypochlorite
148
Q

When do Maxillary teeth begin Mineralization?

A
149
Q

What materials can you use for Indirect Pulp Therapy?

A
  • DBA
  • RMGA
  • Calcium Hydroxide
  • GI
  • ZOE
150
Q

For a Primary tooth with a non-vital pulp think…

A

Pulpectomy, Sterilization Tissue Repair

151
Q

For the Primary Dentition, if you are missing a 1st molar, think ______as an appliance…

A

Band and Loop - Crown and Loop

152
Q

What is the sequence for providing an Indirect Pulp Cap on a Primary Vital Tooth?

A
  1. RD
  2. Caries Remova
  3. Do not expose pulp
  4. Place IPC material
  5. Restore with sealing restoration
153
Q

What is Leeway Space?

A
  • Permanent premolars are smaller than the primary molars that preced them
  • This is known as “Leeway Space”
154
Q

What are these?

A

Bohn Nodules

Mucous gland tissue on buccal/lingual maxillary ridge

155
Q

What is Fusion?

A

Two separate pulp chambers

156
Q

What body systems does F toxicity effect?

A
  • GI
  • CNS

*Death in 4 hours

157
Q

In the Early Mixed dentition, if you are missing the 1st molar - think _______ as appliance therapy…

A

Band and Loop / None

158
Q

Describe Nonverbal Communication…

A
  • Reinforces desired behavior
  • Raised eyebrows, smile
  • Speaking at eye level or looking down
  • Tokens, a “high five”
159
Q

What can Leeway Space be used to alleviate?

A

Incisor Crowding

160
Q

How long does it take caries to go to go through outer half of enamel?

A

Caries progresses through outer half of enamel in 1 year and another year through inner half for primary teeth

161
Q

When do primary mandibular teeth erupt?

A
162
Q

What are some advantages to differing definitive treatment?

A
  • The younger a child, the fast one can see changes
  • Six months makes a huge difference in the life of a 3 or 4 year old
163
Q

What is this?

A

Distal Shoe

164
Q

In the Early Mixed Dentition, if you are missing multiple molars, think _________ as possible appliance therapy options…

A

Nance / Transpalatal Arch / Removable Acrylic Saddle Appliance

165
Q

What measurement is ideal for OJ and OB?

A

2 mm

166
Q

What is a lethal dose of F?

A

15 mg F/kg

167
Q

What kind of kids would space maintainers NOT be a good idea for?

A
  • Very sick/risky kids
  • Immunocompromised / High SBE risk / Blood dyscrasias
  • Uncooperative
  • Poor Oral Hygiene
  • Unreliable
168
Q

For the young permanent tooth, how would you do a Direct Pulp Cap?

A
  • RD or equivalent
  • MTA
  • Calcium Hydroxide/RMGI
  • Sealing Restoration
169
Q

In the Primary dentition, if you are missing multiple molars, think ______ as an appliance…

A

Removable Acrylic Saddle Appliance

170
Q

What are the indications for a LLHA?

A
171
Q

What is the difference between ITR (Interim Therapeutic Restorations) and ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment)?

A
  • ITR: True provisional with follow up
  • ART: No planned follow up
172
Q

What type of exam do you do for an infant?

A

Lap exam

173
Q

What are some considerations for Space Maintenance?

A
  • Specific tooth that is lost
  • Time elapsed since the tooth was lost
  • Pre-existing occlusion
  • Favorable space analysis
  • Presence and root development of permanent successor
  • Amount of alveolar bone covering permanent successor
  • Health status
  • Cooperative ability
  • Active oral habits
  • Oral hygiene
174
Q

What do cavity liners help accomplish in primary teeth?

A
  • Thin liquid on cavity floor
  • Preserves pulp vitality
  • Promotes healing
  • Minimizes bacterial leakage
175
Q

What Primary Occlusal Scheme is Ideal for Primary Occlusion?

A

Mesial Step with Cl I Canines

176
Q

What is an appropate dose of Acetaminophen for a child < 12 years of age?

A
177
Q

Where are Primate Spaces in the Mandible?

A
  • Primate spaces are distal to the primary canines in the mandible
178
Q

Describe how you would conduct a Pulpectomy and what irrigants you would use…

A
  • Canals debrided/shaped

Disinfected:

  • NaOCl
  • Chlorhexidine
  • 3% Hydrogen Peroxide than NaOCl
  • Must keep NaOCl inside canals only
179
Q

For a young permanent tooth with vital pulp think…

A

Liner, IPC, DPC, Pulpotomy (Cvek)

Pediatric Dentistry - ABGD Oral Boards (2 decks)

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