Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
What is the treatment for asthma in children 0-4 y.o.?
Step 1: SABA prn
Step 2: SABA prn + low dose ICS
Step 3: SABA prn + med. dose ICS
Step 4: SABA prn + med. dose ICS + LABA or montelukast
Step 5: SABA prn + high dose ICS + LABA or montelukast
Step 6: SABA prn + high dose ICS + LABA or montelukast + oral glucocorticoids
What is the treatment for asthma in children > 5 y.o.?
Step 1: SABA prn
Step 2: SABA prn + low dose ICS
Step 3: SABA prn + EITHER
low dose ICS + LABA, LTRA or Theophylline OR
med. dose ICS
Step 4: SABA prn + med. dose ICS + LABA or LTRA or Theophylline
Step 5: SABA prn + high dose ICS + LABA or LTRA or Theophylline
Step 6: SABA prn + high dose ICS + LABA or LTRA or Theophylline + oral glucocorticoids
- Check inhaler technique
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
RSV
What test confirms cystic fibrosis?
Sweat chloride test (60 mmol/L or greater)
What are the respiratory symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
Persistent productive cough, increased sputum production, hyperinflation of lung fields on x ray, repeated bronchitis inf. that eventually turn into bronchiectasis
What are the non-respiratory symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
Male infertility, pancreatic dx, greasy stools, sinus dx, reduced bone mineral density, weight loss
First line treatment for pneumonia in children? If unimmunized? PCN allergy?
Amoxicillin 90 mg/kg/day BID for 10 days
Augmentin
Clindamycin, erythroycin, azithromycin
- < 6 months, send to ER
How long can a pertussis cough last?
Typically 1 month but can last up to 3-4 months
Hallmark signs of croup? Treatment?
Barking cough, Steeple sign (tapering of trachea) on x-ray
Decadron 0.6 mg/kg may be given or prednisolone
- Avoid causing distress as this may worsen symptoms
Symptoms of coarcation of aorta?
High SBP in upper extremities and diminished or unobtainable BP in lower extremities
Most common leukemia in children?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Signs and symptoms of ALL?
Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, fever, bleeding (platelet count < 100, 000), petechiae, musculoskeletal pain, may present w/ a limp
In what condition is an olive-shaped mass palpable in the RUQ?
Pyloric stenosis
(dx using U/S)
In an infant suspected of GER, what can be trialed in order to improve symptoms?
Removing cow’s milk to r/o cow’s milk protein intolerance.
SS: occult blood in stool, eczema, poor weight gain, family hx of atopy increases risk
- GER typically resolves after first year of life. Not concerning as long as infant is eating well and gaining weight and is otherwise healthy
What are the signs and symptoms of intussusception?
Inconsolable crying
Abdo pain
May draw legs towards abdomen
“Currant jelly stools”
Vomiting as obstruction worsens
In what condition can a sausage-shaped mass be palpated on the right side of abdomen?
Intussusception
Most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children?
Rotavirus
- Pedialyte
When does a hydrocele need a referral?
Refer if not resolved by 1 year
When does cryptorchidism need a referral?
If testes are not descended by 4 months
- Increases risk for testicular cancer in the future
What is the most common renal malignancy in children?
Wilms tumour (most commonly occurs b/f 5 y.o.)
- Do not palpate if suspected
What are the signs and symptoms of a Wilms tumour?
May be asymptomatic; abdo pain, htn, hematuria
What is the definition of scoliosis?
Lateral curvature of the spine; > 10 degrees on the Cobb angle
How is the diagnosis of scoliosis confirmed?
PA and lateral views of the full spine (long view)
What causes milia?
Trapped keratin and sebaceous materials
