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PT: Nutrition Exam 2 > Pediatric Care > Flashcards

Pediatric Care Flashcards

1
Q

Gestational Age (GA)

A

Time from the first day of the last menstrual period until birth
- Typically 2 weeks prior to conception plus pregnancy duration

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2
Q

Neonate

A

Birth thru 1st month of life

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3
Q

Premature neonate

A

born less than 38 weeks gestational age

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4
Q

Full-term neonate

A

born 38 to 42 weeks gestational age

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5
Q

Infant

A

1 month thru 1 year old

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6
Q

Child

A

1 year old thru 12 years old

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7
Q

Adolescent

A

13 years old thru 18 years old

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8
Q

Adult

A

> 18 years old

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9
Q

NICU

A

neonatal intensive care unit

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10
Q

What is the PLLR?

A

Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule

a. New way drugs are categorized for use during pregnancy and lactation

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11
Q

List the FDA Pregnancy Categories.

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Lactation
  3. Female and Male Reproductive Potential
    * * A thru D and X are NO longer used **
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12
Q

Where would you find information on drug usage requirements involving pregnancy tests, contraception recommendations and infertility?

A

Female and Male Reproductive Potential Category of PLLR

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13
Q

Where would you find information on extent, effects and how to minimize exposure of drug for nursing women?

A

Lactation Category of PLLR

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14
Q

Where would you find a statement on the summary of risks, clinical considerations and information about any existing pregnancy exposure registry for drugs?

A

Pregnancy Category of PLLR

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15
Q

Pediatric and Neonatal Dosage Handbook contains what kind of information?

A
  1. Reliable for Pediatric doses of medications

2. Appendix with help information such as normal and abnormal vital signs and lab values

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16
Q

Which 3 references are suggested for use for most drug-related questions?

A
  1. AHFS Drug Info via LexiComp
  2. Clinical Pharmacology
  3. UpToDate
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17
Q

Where can you find information to help identify combination drug products and offers comparisons of products available OTC?

A

Facts and Comparisons

Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs

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18
Q

T/F: You should use Facts and Comparisons to find dosages and pharmacology of drugs

A

False; Better for combo drug products and less on dosing

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19
Q

What resource is the #1 choice for neonatal drug information?

A

Neofax

20
Q

List the normal values for HR and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

< 2 years old = 120 to 150 bpm
5 to 7 y.o. = ~100 bpm
Adolescents = 85 bpm

21
Q

List the normal respiratory rate values and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

< 2 years old = 25 to 30 bpm
3 to 9 y.o. = 20 to 25 bpm
10 to 18 y.o. = 16 to 20 bpm

22
Q

Give the values for the following:

  1. Female neonatal blood pressure
  2. Male neonatal blood pressure
A 
Female = 67/55 mmHg
Male = 72/55 mmHg
23
Q

List the normal ALBUMIN values and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

<1 y.o. = 2 to 4 g/dL

1 y.o. to 18 y.o. = 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL

24
Q

Why do normal albumin levels increase as we age?

A

Neonates and infants have less protein binding than older children and adults

25
Q

List the normal CREATININE values and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

< 1 y.o. = ≤ 0.6 mg/dL

1 y.o. to 18 y.o. = 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL

26
Q

Why do normal creatinine values increase as we age?

A

We develop more muscle

27
Q

List the normal POTASSIUM values and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

Newborns = 4.5 to 7.2 mEq/L

1 y.o. to 16 y.o. = 3.5 to 5 mEq/L

28
Q

Why do newborns have higher normal potassium levels than older children and adults?

A
29
Q

List the normal BUN values and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

< 2 y.o. = 4 to 15 mg/dL

2 y.o. to 18 y.o. = 5 to 20 mg/dL

30
Q

Why do infants and children < 2 years old have a lower normal BUN level?

A
31
Q

List the normal Hct (PCV) values and their respective age categories for pediatric patients.

A

Day of Birth to 3 days old = 45 to 61%

Adolescents - 36 to 47%

32
Q

Why do neonates have a higher normal Hct level and what are they at risk for developing?

A

a) Need more RBCs to pick up oxygen since their lungs are underdeveloped
b) Jaundice - Yellowing of skin and eyes due to faster breakdown of RBCs with bilirubin and decreased clearance due to slowly developing liver and kidneys

33
Q

Neonates and sometimes infants may be fluid restricted or have volume limitations for med admin. What pump is preferred?

A

IV push or syringe preferred to piggyback

34
Q

T/F some pediatric dosages may be too small to measure safely, so dilutions may be required

A

True

35
Q

while some dosing on OTC products may be based on age for convenience, it is usually preferred to use dosage based on _____ whenever possible

A

weight

36
Q

When determining a pediatric dose for a drug normally only given to adults, it is generally after to use ____ than mg/kg. especially for ______

A

body surface area

chemotherapy

37
Q

Some neonatal dosage intervals may be quite prolonged because of _______

A

underdeveloped renal function

penicillin, gentamicin

38
Q

What is the most reliable neonatal dosing resource?

A

Neofax

39
Q

dosage intervals in premies are often based on ___ and ____ and may be odd intervals

A

GA

weight

40
Q

Generally children require oral liquid medications until they are ____ years old

A

6-8

41
Q

when are oral syringes preferred in pediatrics?

A

oral liquid admin except large volumes of liquid meds

42
Q

T/F spoons, medicine cups and even droppers are reliable

A

false!

usually unreliable unless supplied with medication and only for measuring dose

43
Q

How to admin oral syringes

A

slowly into side of mouth rather than inject all at once

44
Q

T/F for odd dosages of pediatric meds, grind solid dosage and make capsules

A

true

45
Q

t/f double check all dosages for peds

A

true

46
Q

t/f many medications in pediatrics have pediatric labeling

A

false!
most do not
check dosage against literature

PT: Nutrition Exam 2 (10 decks)

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