Pediatric Assessment Flashcards
facilitating examination of toddlers: examine what at the end?
ears, eyes, mouth
Young children sequence of examination
foot to head sequences
Length measurements
measuring board up to 24 months
Measure top of head to heal of foot
Measuring head circumference
measure twice
up to 2 years of age
around suborbital & occipital prominences
Microcephaly
Macro
<5% for head circumference
formed @ intersection of these sutures where bone has not yet formed
Fontanelles
Posterior fontanelles close
between 2-3 months
anterior fontanelles usually closes
between 12-18 months
EOMs in newborns
might not be symmetric
visual acuity @
> 3 years old
What should be present in infants
ref reflex
Corneal light reflex should be symmetric
Tympanic membrane normal
pearly gray
light reflex should be visible around 5/7 o clock position
Concerning @ what age if they child does not turn head for whisper?
4 months
breast development
8-10 yrs of age
puberty: about 5 years (if don’t see anything around 13–refer)
Enlarged testicles
9-10 yrs of age
ending puberty around 15 years of age
2 mo of age:
tract to midline
4 mo of age:
should be able to tract past midline
⮚ Elicited when the newborn is supine and the head is turned to one side
⮚ In response, the extremities on the same side straighten, whereas on the opposite side they flex
Tonic neck reflex
persists until 3/4 month
⮚ Elicited by stimulating the newborn’s palm with a finger or an object
⮚ The newborn grasps and holds the object or finger firmly enough to be lifted momentarily from the crib
palmar grasp
until 4 months
⮚ Elicited when the newborn is startled by a loud noise
⮚ Newborn straightens arms and hands outward while the knees flex
moro reflex
⮚ Elicited when the side of the newborn’s mouth or cheek is touched
⮚ In response, the newborn turns toward that side and opens the lips to suck (if not fed recently)
rooting reflex
When should babinski go away
1 year of age
