Pediatric Allergies

Question 1

Allergy categories

Answer 1

IgE and non-IgE mediated

Question 2

IgE mediated reactions

Answer 2

Typically rapid in onset
Skin
GI tract
Respiratory tract
Anaphylaxis

Question 3

Non-IgE mediated reactions

Answer 3

Occur hours to days after exposure
Typically presents in infants
Can present as chronic skin conditions or most commonly manifests as GI symptoms

Question 4

Food allergy

Answer 4

Symptoms must occur minutes to hours of ingesting food to be considered for food allergy.

Question 5

Diagnosis for food allergy

Answer 5

Skin prick test (SPT), allergen specific serum IgE, oral food challenge

Question 6

________ of presumed food allergies are not allergies

Answer 6

50%-90%

Question 7

Treatment of food allergy

Answer 7

Avoidance

Epi-pen for treatment for anaphylaxis

Question 8

Is atopic dermatitis associated with food allergy?

Answer 8

Yep! and so is acute urticaria

Question 9

Is acute or chronic rhinitis associated with food allergies?

Answer 9

Acute rhinitis

Question 10

Must stop __________ before a skin prick test.

Answer 10

Antihistamines

Question 11

Does positive test alone does not make the diagnosis of clinical food allergy?

Answer 11

No. Must correlate directly to symptoms due to high false positive rates.

Question 12

When may patients may benefit from an oral food challenge?

Answer 12

if they have borderline test results or if a false positive or false negative is suspected based on clinical history

Question 13

When are atopy patches tests used?

Answer 13

diagnose delayed hypersensitivity T-cell mediated reactions such as contact dermatitis

Question 14

What constitutes a positive reaction on skin prick test?

Answer 14

A wheal at least 3mm greater than the negative control.

Question 15

EPI dosage

Answer 15

0. 15 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine for 15 to 30 kg (33 to 66 lbs)
1. 3 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine for anyone over 30 kg (66 lbs).

Question 16

Pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS)

Answer 16

IgE-mediated reaction that affects the oropharynx

cross reaction between pollen and fruits and vegetables

Question 17

Diagnosis of PFAS

Answer 17

Confirmed through skin prick testing to the fresh foods and pollen, and also with oral food challenges

Question 18

Who are at higher risk for fatal food-induced anaphylaxis than younger children?

Answer 18

Teenagers, lower threshold (accidental exposure is common)

Question 19

Adults are commonly more allergic to what than children?

Answer 19

Shellfish

Question 20

Peak prevalence for allergic rhinitis

Answer 20

14-25 years old

Question 21

Signs of allergic rhinitis:

Answer 21

allergic salute, allergic shiner, Dennie Morgan lines, cobbelstoning,

Question 22

First line treatment for allergies

Answer 22

Avoidance (pharm intervention next)

Question 23

No first generation antihistamines for which age group?

Answer 23

children under two

Question 24

What treatment is more effective than antihistamines?

Answer 24

IN-GC