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Flash Card Reema > Pedia Er And Neonatology > Flashcards

Pedia Er And Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the possible causes of jaundice in firsts day of life?

What are the possible causes of jaundice in baby mor than 2-3 days?

A
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2
Q

Etiology of hyperlipidemia according to conjugated and unconjugated????

A
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3
Q

In physiological jaundice , what is the bilirubin cut of point that it should not be exceeded ???

A

No more that 12 mg/dl in full term

No more than 15 mg/dl in pre term

Normally, raises 5 mg /dl per 24 hrs

Child should be healthy not febrile and eat well!!!

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of pathological jaundice?

A
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5
Q

What r the complications of kernicterus ?

A
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6
Q

Ttt of neonatal jaundice???

A
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7
Q

What are the differences between gilbert syndrome and najjar ??

A
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8
Q

What is the difference between breast feeding jaundice and breast milk jaundice???

(In time of occurance/ cause)

A
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9
Q

When to give Rh IG ??

A

28 wks of gestation and after 2,3 days of delivery

And some resources recommend a dose at 34 week of gestation

Note** Rh hemolysis occurs more im second pregnancy and get secere every time

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10
Q

What do ABO hemolysis ?

A
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11
Q

What are the complications of phototherapy??????

A
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12
Q

Up gase palsy, in whick stage of kernictirus??

How many stages for kernicterus and what are they?

A
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13
Q

Baby with prolonged jaundice, give me 4 ddx??

A
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14
Q

Rooting reflex, when to start and when to disappear??

A

Stop at 4 months!!!

Start at 28 weeks of gestation

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15
Q

Stepping reflex , start and disappear ?

A

Start at birth

Disappear at 2 month (2 legs!)

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16
Q

Moro reflex , start and disappear?

A

28 gestation weeks,

4-6 months

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17
Q

Asymmetrical tonic reflex st and disa??

A

Start ..?

Disappear: 4 months

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18
Q

Planter grasp st and disa??

A

St: 32 wks of gestation

Dis: 6-12 months

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19
Q

Palmer grasp st and dis?

A

Start : 32 wks of gest

End: 3-4 month

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20
Q

Baby have hemangioma , it’s large and cover the eyelid, what is the first thing to do ????

Q2 And when u will consider ttt or reassurance in hemangioma ???

Q 3What is ttt of hemangioma??? (First line ttt???)

A

Referral to ophthalmology

Q2 see the pic

Q3 1st line ttt is propranolol ,others, steroid , vincristine , interferon

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21
Q

Baby just delivered, amniotic fluid was stained by meconium, what is the cause of this color???

What do u think this color will cause?

What is the best action for the baby?????

A

Cause of this color is fetal distress

This will lead to meconium aspiration syndrome!

Best action is. Admission in NICU and observation unless if APGAR score more than 9 or above or crying vigorously!!! No need for admission

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22
Q

What are the risk factors for neonatal sepsis !! Give me 4

A

Small or infection!!!

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23
Q

Give me all lab and radiology investigations in :

Early neonatal sepsis

Late neonatal sepsis

A
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24
Q

How to know it’s early or late neonatal sepsis ?

What are the most common causative organisms in neonatal sepsis???

A

By duration!!!

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25
Q

What is the ttt of neonatal sepsis if baby have:

Pneumonia

Meningitis

??

A
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26
Q

Baby born by CS , 27 wks, developed respiratory distress, what is the cause?

A

Hyaline membrane dis!

Causes of respiratory distress:

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

What are the complications of hyaline dis??give me 4

A
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29
Q

Full term baby for gestational diabetic mom delivered by CS , now baby is Tachycardiac and tachypenic, x ray shows grunting a d fluid in lung fissure , dx?? And what is the ddx??

A

TTN ( transient tachypnea of newborn)

Ddx congenital pneumonia!

Risk factors: gestational diabetes, CS , common in full term

Usually no complications

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30
Q
A

NITRIC OXIDE > because there is pulmonary HTN

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31
Q

Golden slide of neonatal lung disease!!!

A
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32
Q

Apgar score 🥲🥲🥲🥲 it’s the time to start memorising it🥲🥲

A
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33
Q

What are the RF for retinopathy of prematurity? And when to screen for it??

A
34
Q

Newborn full term for DM mom, now respiratory distress, and desat , everything else is normal, next step???

A

ICU , monitor blood glucose and observation,

If baby still in distress after observation, then baby will need to be supported with o2 supply

35
Q

What are the complications of infant who’s mother is diabetic??

A

+ pneumonia , HMD ,TTN, CVS( septal hypertrophy )

Metabolic: hypo Ca , hypo glycemia , hypo mg , Renal vein thrombosis (because of polycythemia )

36
Q

A dose of 300 mcg of Rh iG will cover how much of fetal blood?

A

30 mL of fetal blood!

37
Q

Newborn with microcephaly and hepatosplenomegaly and cataracts, what is ur next step???

A

Congenital infection screening to look for TORCH infection

38
Q

4 days Newborn , purulent eye discharges and swelling around the eye, red eye, culture showing diplococci , ttt?? And causes ??

When to say it’s chlamydia infection if u don’t have culture??? And what is the ttt??

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis ,ttt is single dose iv ceftriaxone

39
Q

Premature with abdominal distention and air on bowel wall, dx??
What are the 2 best measures to prevent this case??

Give me 2 RF for this case??

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Best prevention: slow and gradual feeding and breast feeding

RF :PDA and spesis

40
Q

Newborn with scaphoid abdomen, baby diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia , what is the first step to do??

A

Intubation!!!!
Then
NGT to drain the bowel

41
Q

Causative organisms of meningitis in newborn??????(less than 3 months?)

More than 3 months??

A
42
Q

SLE mother , what u expect her child will have?

A

Immune cytopenia
rash
Congenital heart block
Low platelet
PDA,VSD,ASD

NOTE**
Congenital rubella present with PDA but never with heart block!

43
Q

What is the maximum glucose concentration can be given to hypoglycaemic baby by peripheral line ? ( by %)

Q2, what is the root of administration of 20% glucose to hypoglycaemic baby?

A

12.5%

Q2, central line

44
Q

5 days neonate ,rash and intracranial haemorrhage, platelet was 4,000 (very low, Hb is low, what is. Ur dx??

A

Alloimmune thromocytopenia

45
Q

Newborn with depressed nasal bridge and dysmorphic face, next step?

A

Chromosomal testing

46
Q

Baby delivery with ventose , what type of abnormality u will expect to see in his head??

A

Cephalohemtoma / caput saccedanum

Note*
Subgleal bleeding

47
Q

Child first time DKA , what is the most important thing to do before discharge???

Q2 , same but Recurrent episodes of DKA , ??

A

Q1: Well written plan

Q2: listen to the child concerns

48
Q

Child, hx of high blood glucose , Tachypenia ,next step?

A

Dipstick

49
Q

DKA pt, after management, developed headache and seizure , how to manage??

A
50
Q

Over what time u should give iv fluid and replace deficit??

A

Over 24 hours

Note*
Serum Na should be decreased or increased by 10 to 12 mmol per day

51
Q

Indications of iv hydration ??? Give me 4

A
52
Q

Child has gastroenteritis for 2 weeks , started ORS and now he imrpoved, next day started food he developed diarrhea, dx?

A
53
Q

3yo baby, present with signs and symptoms of severe dehydration, what is the estimated fluid loss in %?

A

9%

54
Q

Paediatric pt needs NIPPV , where it should started?

A

PICU

55
Q

Infant, respiratory distress,wheezing and O2 sat was 90% , next step?

A- Nebuliazer
B- O2
C- Chest x ray
D- Antibiotics

A

ABCD» O2 and hydration

56
Q

Infant, respiratory distress,wheezing and O2 sat was 90% , next step?

A- Nebuliazer
B- O2
C- Chest x ray
D- Antibiotics

A

ABCD» O2 and hydration

57
Q

What are the 2 most concerning signs of croup? And what is the difference between croup and acute epiglottis (by organism, year, exact location, onset, cough, salivation and fever)

A

LOC and cyanosis,

58
Q

Name of sign and where can u see (thumb sign)??

A

Steeple sign in croup

Thumb sign in acute epiglottis

59
Q

Child with croup, epinephrine is given , symptoms happened again, next step?

Repeat epinephrine every 30 min
Or
Steroid

??

A

Repeat epinephrine!!

60
Q

2 yo , hx of atopic dermatitis and inspiratory stridor , dx????

A

Spasmodic croup

61
Q

Non immunised child, fever, cough, multiple lymph node enlargement, dx??complications?? Ttt??

A

Diphtheria

Complications: see the pic

Ttt: anti toxin + macrolide

62
Q

Child with camr with fever and cough and improved and after 1 week he acme with high grade fever, drooling of saliva
• Most likely diagnosis?

A

Bacterial tracheitis (super infection by staph)

63
Q

Tell the commonest toxicity symptoms for each medication below:

Organophosphate:

Paracetamol:

Narcotics:

TCA:

Aspirin:

Alcohol:

A
64
Q

Child ingested large amount of NSAID , next step?

A

Charcol

65
Q

Aspirin antidot?

A

Na bicarbonate

66
Q

Organophosphate antidot?

A

Atropin

67
Q

Narcotic antidot

A

Naloxone

68
Q

Benzodiazepines antidot?

A

Flumazenil

69
Q

Paracetamol antidot

A

N acetyl cystine

70
Q

Methanol antidot

A

Ethanol, fomepizole

71
Q

TCA antidot

A

Na bicarbonate

72
Q

Metoclopramide antidot

A

Diphenhydramine or atropine

73
Q

Child, come after 3 hours of ingesting high amount of paracetamol, next step???

A

Charcol!!

150mg per kg is the toxic dose in children

In ER, Serum level should be measured at 4 hour post ingestion
,then plot in the chart

When to give N acetyl cystine????
See the pic

74
Q

Child ingested high amout of paracetamol, what are the 4 stages of paracetamol toxicity ???

A
75
Q

Child, ingested 20 tablets of iron, best action?

What are the 4 defoxamine indications to start???

A

Iv deforoxamine

76
Q

Child ingested high amounts if iron, now he have mild symptoms, no metabolic acidosis , his serum iron less than 500 mcg/dl, now under observation, how to observe him?

A
77
Q

What are the 5 stages of iron toxicity?

A
78
Q

Neonate just delivered and having a seizure, his mom is Diabetic, u wanted to take blood sample, from where u get it???

A

Capillary, or (heel stick )

79
Q

Child with ambiguous genitalia, low Na, high K , hypoglycaemia, next step??

A

Normal saline and glucose then take blood sample for hormonal test then give stress dose cortisone

80
Q

Intussusipssion initial and diagnostic test??

A
81
Q
A

A

Note**

High recurrent after reduction not surgery, zero % after surgery!!

82
Q

Give me 4 ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome ?

A

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