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CA PEDIA > PEDIA 2 > Flashcards

PEDIA 2 Flashcards

1
Q

An increase in the number and size of
cells. Measured in terms of QUANTITY.

A

GROWTH

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2
Q

The capacity of functioning or skill. Measure in terms of QUALITY.

A

DEVELOPMENT

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3
Q

What is the principle of uniqueness in growth and development?

A

No two individuals are exactly the same, even within the same age group

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4
Q

What is the significance of play in a child’s life?


A

Play is essential for social aspects of a child’s life.

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5
Q

What criteria should be considered when choosing toys for children?


A

1 Safety
2 Age/stage of development
3 Purpose (intellectual, educational, entertainment)
4 Limitations of sickness

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6
Q

What type of games do infants engage in?


A

Infants play solitary games.

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7
Q

What types of toys are suitable for infants?


A

Mobiles, rattles, teething rings, music boxes, and squeeze toys.

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8
Q

What type of play do toddlers engage in?

A

Toddlers love to play beside another child in parallel games.

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9
Q

What is a key characteristic of preschoolers in play?


A

Preschoolers love to share and imitate adults in their play.

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10
Q

What type of games do school-age children prefer?


A

School-age children prefer competitive games with a winner

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11
Q

What are the areas assessed in developmental screening tests?


A

Gross Motor Skills: Skills done by large muscles (cephalocaudal)
Fine Motor Skills: Skills done by small muscles (proximal to distal)
Interpersonal Skills: Social relationships influenced by caregivers
Language Skills: Communication abilities

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12
Q

What is the primary caregiver’s role in an infant’s development?


A

The primary caregiver, usually the mother, influences the infant’s social relationships and trust development.

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13
Q

At what age does the grasp reflex typically disappear?


A

The grasp reflex typically disappears by 3 months.

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14
Q

What is the grasp reflex in neonates?


A

The grasp reflex is a primitive reflex that allows neonates to grasp objects placed in their hands.

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15
Q

What is the significance of the palmar grasp at 6 months?


A

The palmar grasp indicates that the infant can hold a feeding bottle and grasp large objects.

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16
Q

What is the pincer grasp and when does it develop?


A

The pincer grasp develops at 9 months and allows infants to pick up small objects with their fingers.

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17
Q

What developmental milestone is reached at 12 months?


A

At 12 months, infants can put things in and out of containers and throw objects.

18
Q

What is the focus of Freud’s oral stage in infancy?

A

The focus of Freud’s oral stage is on receiving stimulation and pleasure through the
mouth.

19
Q

What is the significance of consistency in caregiving for infants?

A

Consistency in caregiving helps infants develop trust and security

20
Q

What happens when an infant’s needs are not met?

A

The infant may develop oral frustration and behavioral issues.

21
Q

What is the focus of Freud’s anal stage in toddlers?

A

The focus of Freud’s anal stage is on controlling eliminatory functions

22
Q

What is the significance of toilet training in toddlerhood?

A

Toilet training promotes the development of autonomy in toddlers.

23
Q

At what age is toilet training recommended to begin?

A

Toilet training is recommended to begin at 18 months.

24
Q

How should temper tantrums be handled?

A

Temper tantrums should be , and a should be used to help the
child express feelings.

25
Q

What is the recommended duration for a time-out?

A

The recommended duration for a time-out is for each of the child’s
age.

26
Q

What is the importance of setting rules and limits with toddlers?

A

Setting rules and helps understand boundaries and promotes
safety.

27
Q

What is anal fixation according to Freud’s theory?

A

Anal fixation refers to disorder (OCD) stemming from issues
during the stage.

28
Q

What is the Oedipal phase in child development?

A

The Oedipal phase is when a child turns toward the parent of the opposite sex.

29
Q

What is the Oedipal Complex?

A

A boy’s attraction to his mother.

30
Q

What is the Electra Complex?

A

A girl’s attraction to her father.

31
Q

How does a child’s perception of their parents affect their future relationships?

A

Children model future partners based on how their parents treat each other.

32
Q

What are the characteristics of preschoolers in the “ KUSA “ stage?

A

Volunteers without being told.
Very curious and ask many questions.
Need to feel capable of doing tasks.

33
Q

What is the “WHY” stage in preschoolers?

A

It is when children ask many questions, typically 300 to 400 per day.

34
Q

What are the physical changes in females during puberty?

A

Development of breast buds ( thelarche ).
Growth of pubic and axillary hair ( adrenarche ).
Menstruation (menarche) typically begins between ages 11 to 13

35
Q

What are the physical changes in males during puberty?

A

Increase in the size of the genitalia.
Growth of pubic, axillary , facial, and leg hair.
Voice changes and production of spermatozoa ( nocturnal emission).

36
Q

What is the recommended way to discuss medical procedures with children?

A

Use terms like “ cure “ instead of “cut” or “ fix. “

37
Q

What is the “buttered wife” concept in child development?

A

Children may imitate their father’s behavior or develop resentment towards him.

38
Q

what is the most important part for toddler

A

Anus

39
Q

Why should juice not be put in feeding bottles?

A

Juice should not be put in feeding bottles because sugar must be ingested quickly.

40
Q

What is the significance of consistency in caregiving for infants?

A

Consistency in caregiving helps infants develop trust and security.

CA PEDIA (3 decks)

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