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CA PEDIA > PEDIA 1 > Flashcards

PEDIA 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of ASPHYXIATION

A

○ Umbilical cord clamped
○ No more O2 from placenta
○ Hypoxia
○ Hypercapnia/Hypercarbia

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2
Q

dangerous state (fatal) kasi may
direct effect sya sa brain! Lahat ng vital
center is magre-react, V/S, LOC etc

A

Acidosis

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3
Q

Neonates must breathe after birth!

A

If not,
asphyxiation may result! (hypoxia,
hypercapnia, acidosis)

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4
Q

A crying baby is a breathing baby

A

TRUE

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5
Q

USE BULB SYRINGE NEVER WALL
SUCTION

A

TO REMOVE OXYGEN as Oxygen can cause
blindness

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6
Q

use pulse
oximeter

A

on the sole of the foot

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7
Q

SUCTION ONLY WHEN?

A

BOTH ARE COLOR
GREEN: mucus and meconium

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8
Q

Suction with bulb syringe PRN

A

TO PREVENT ASPIRATION

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9
Q

Use only a bulb syringe in
suctioning

A

to avoid
stimulating the vagus nerve
leading to bradycardia

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10
Q

Using a wall suction

A

you are
exerting a strong negative
pressure; you are not only
suctioning the secretions but also his/her oxygen reserves =
HYPOXIA

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11
Q

Too much O2 can what?

A

Can make the
baby blind

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12
Q

Retrolental Fibroplasia

A

for term babies

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13
Q

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

A

for
preterm babies

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14
Q

Reason why DR has aircon

A

to prevent
infection to come inside (maintenance of
environmental asepsis)

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15
Q

Extreme hypothermia can cause cold stress
causing what?

A

ACIDOSIS

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16
Q

Prone to cold stress due to?

A

extreme hypothermia

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17
Q

Decreased O2, Increased CO2 can lead to?

A

ACIDOSIS

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18
Q

BROWN FATS ALSO KNOWN AS

A

BABY FATS

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19
Q

By product of brown fats

A

Ketones/ Fatty Acids

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20
Q

60% of their weight is brown fats
= intended to?

A

to hold, sustain, or
cushion their abdominal organs
in place

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21
Q

Dry baby immediately after birth to?

A

to stimulate the baby to cry and to dry
his/her skin

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22
Q

what is SSC?

A

skin to skin contact

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23
Q

CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE

A

31-33 cm

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24
Q

HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE

A

33-35 cm

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25
Q

Radiant warmer is ideal because

A

○ it is not close to the baby (18-24 inches) /
2 feet
○ Heat is even from head to toe and also
circulation

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26
Q

APGAR SCORE

A

Done at 1 minute then at 5 minutes

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27
Q

WHO SUGGESTED APGAR SCORING?

A

Dr. Virginia Apgar

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28
Q

Score of 0 - 3: POOR CONDITION

A

○ Resuscitation needed/ NICU
○ Will not undergone skin to skin contact
with the mother

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29
Q

Score of 4 - 6: FAIR CONDITION BUT GUARDED
CLOSE MONITORING

A

○ Baby goes to NICU
○ Wala ding rooming in dito (yung ilalabas
din siya kasama ng mother sa ward for the
skin to skin contact and breastfeed etc)

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30
Q

Score of 7 - 10: GOOD CONDITION

A

○ Allowed to do “Unang Yakap”
○ Rooming-in (adapting)

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31
Q

EYE CARE (Crede’s Prophylaxis)

A

Prevents Ophthalmia Neonatorum due to maternal
gonorrhea or chlamydia

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32
Q

when is crede’s prophylaxis done?

A

Done to ALL babies delivered either CS or NSD after
initial bonding / or complete breastfeeding

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33
Q

responsible for breastmilk

A

Prolactin

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34
Q

When is the best time to give crede’s prophylaxis?

A

After the mother and the baby have
already bonded and/or complete breastfeeding;

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35
Q

when to clamp umbilical cord

A

Clamp when no longer pulsating, at 2cm and 5cm
from the base

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36
Q

Prevent infection of umbilical cord by

A

cleaning the
umbilical cord with WATER AND SOAP only

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37
Q

do not use what when cleaning the umbillical cord?

A

DO
NOT USE betadine, hydrogen peroxide and alcohol
(we don’t use chemical based)

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38
Q

How do we promote drying of the umbilical cord?

A

Promote drying by natural technique of air exposure

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39
Q

redness around the cord and foul smelling

A

CORD INFECTION

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40
Q

Ano ang dapat na ituro sa mother when she puts
diaper to the baby?

A

Air exposure is the best, so turuan ang
mother to fold the waistband of the diaper down
to expose the cord

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41
Q

VITAMIN K Site of Injection?

A

Vastus Lateralis (most highly developed muscle)

42
Q

how many dose of vitamin K?

A

1mg IM in the vastus lateralis

43
Q

when are we using the gluteal muscle as site of injection?

A

We are using gluteal muscle as the site of
injection as it is developed na

44
Q

Babies are not given a bath within?

A

6 hours

45
Q

What should not be done to the vernix caseosa on a newborn?


A

Do not remove the excess

46
Q

What time ba dapat magpaligo ng NB
kapag nasa bahay na?

A

ANYTIME pwede paliguan as long as
the BABY IS NOT SICK

47
Q

R.A 7600 or
Rooming-In/ Breastfeeding Act of 1992

A

Provide Optimum Nutrition

48
Q

Executive Order #51

A

MILK CODE OF THE PHIL.

49
Q

What is the minimum frequency for breastfeeding a newborn?


A

At least 8 times a day

50
Q

How long can pumped breast milk be frozen for?


A

Pumped breast milk can last up to 1 year when frozen.

51
Q

What is the guideline for thawing frozen breast milk?


A

Frozen breast milk should be thawed by immersing it in warm water.

52
Q

What is the role of IgG antibodies during pregnancy?


A

IgG antibodies cross the placenta from the mother to the baby.

53
Q

When should complementary feeding start for infants?


A

Complementary feeding should start at 6 months of age.

54
Q

What is the preparation method for infant formula?


A

Infant formula should be sterilized by boiling for 10 minutes from the boiling point.

55
Q

What type of breast milk substitute is recommended?


A

Infant formula is the recommended breast milk substitute.

56
Q

What are the risks of propping a feeding bottle?


A

Propping a feeding bottle can lead to aspiration and otitis media in the baby.

57
Q

How should a baby be burped after feeding?


A

Burp the baby by rubbing or tapping their back.

58
Q

When is newborn screening performed?


A

Newborn screening is performed by heel prick when the baby is at least 24 hours old and not more than 72 hours old.

59
Q

What are some unnecessary procedures for newborns?


A

Unnecessary procedures include routine suctioning, early bathing, footprinting, giving sugar water or formula, and using bottles or pacifiers.

60
Q

What is physiologic jaundice?


A

Physiologic jaundice is normal and typically appears within the first 24 hours and disappears by the 10th day for preterm infants.

61
Q

What are the signs of respiratory distress in newborns?


A

Signs include fast breathing, flaring of nostrils, grunting sounds, and severe chest indrawing.

62
Q

What causes respiratory distress in premature infants?


A

Respiratory distress is caused by immature alveoli with less surfactant.

63
Q

What are the signs of apnea in premature infants?


A

Signs of apnea include prolonged apnea for more than 20 seconds and central cyanosis.

64
Q

What is the purpose of kangaroo care for premature infants?


A

Kangaroo care helps maintain body temperature and promotes bonding between the mother and baby.

65
Q

What are the signs of hematologic difficulties in newborns?

A

Signs include jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia.

66
Q

What nutritional difficulties do premature infants face?

A

Premature infants are prone to aspiration and gastric distention due to uncoordinated sucking and swallowing.

67
Q

What is kernicterus?


A

Kernicterus is brain damage caused by bilirubin entering the brain.

68
Q

What are the key points regarding breastfeeding and breast milk storage?

A
  • Breastfeeding should be on demand.
  • No mixed feeding is allowed.
  • Pumped breast milk can be frozen for up to 1 year.
  • Label frozen milk with date and time.
  • Thaw frozen milk in warm water, not in the microwave.
  • Breast milk provides passive natural immunity.
69
Q

What is the access point of infection in newborns?

A

Umbilical cord

70
Q

What is the management protocol for preventing infection in the nursery?

A

Strict compliance with nursery aseptic protocol

71
Q

What should be avoided by nurses in the nursery?

A

Nurses with illness

71
Q

What dietary changes are recommended for pregnant women to prevent infection?

A

Low sodium diet and increased protein intake

72
Q

What is a possible outcome of placental degeneration?


A

Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD)

73
Q

What is fetal distress indicated by?

A

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid

74
Q

What happens to the uterus during preterm delivery in diabetic mothers?

A

It overstretches due to excess glucose

75
Q

What is the effect of maternal diabetes on the fetus?

A

Intrauterine hyperinsulinism leading to macrosomia

76
Q

Normal sound of breathing

A

Broncho vesicular

77
Q

abnormal; there’s something
wrong in breathing

A

Adventitious sound

78
Q

what we hear for newborn
with prolonged apnea = collapsed lungs

A

GRUNTING SOUNDS

79
Q

artificial surfactant

A

Survanta

80
Q

Most common cause of death after discharge?

A

because of infection

81
Q

Placental degeneration causing

A

decreased
utero-placental perfusion

82
Q

What are the physical characteristics of post-mature infants?

A

Long, thin, dry cracking skin, no vernix and lanugo

83
Q

Hypoxia is due to?

A

placental insufficiency

84
Q

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

A

A condition characterized by decreased cortisol and severe salt loss

85
Q

Baby with CAH condition cannot what?

A

cannot produce
adequate cortisol

86
Q

Why sodium is important in our body?

A

sodium is important in our body, without these, there would be possible cellular dehydration

87
Q

What is the management for congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

NaCl supplement

88
Q

What is galactosemia?


A

Inability to metabolize galactose in milk

89
Q

What is the problem in galactosemia?

A

The problem here is that the galactose is not
converting

90
Q

What is the management for galactosemia?

A

No animal source milk and no breastfeeding

91
Q

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?


A

Inability to utilize an essential amino acid causing mental retardation

92
Q

What is the management for PKU?

A

Special formula:
■ Lofenalac
■ Phenelac

93
Q

What is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency?

A

Breakdown of RBC causing anemia

94
Q

What is the management for G6PD deficiency?

A

Avoid “triggers” like beans, naphthalene,
sulfas, peanuts

95
Q

What is congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)?


A

Deficiency in thyroid hormones causing physical and developmental delay

96
Q

What is the management for congenital hypothyroidism?

A

Thyroid supplement for life (Synthroid)

97
Q

What is maple syrup urine disease?

A

A rare genetic disorder characterized by deficiency of an enzyme required to metabolize cthe three amino acids (BCAAs)
leucine, isoleucine and valine

98
Q

Signs and Symptoms of maple syrup urine disease?

A

Distinctive sweet odor of infants’ urine, poor feeding, vomiting, lack of energy
(lethargy), and delayed development. If untreated, can lead to seizures, coma, and death

99
Q

What is the management for maple syrup urine disease?

A

Limit the 3 amino acids, KETONEX®-1, an amino acid-modified infant formula with iron

CA PEDIA (3 decks)

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