PEDIA

Question 1

Abnormal restriction of the tongue caused by
an abnormally tight frenulum

Answer 1

Ankyloglossia

Question 2

the membrane
attached to the lower anterior tip of the tongue

Answer 2

frenelum

Question 3

complication of Ankyloglossia

Answer 3

Pressure on the gingival tissue

Question 4

Treatment for Ankyloglossia

Answer 4

Surgical Release

Question 5

Arises from an embryonic fault that leaves a
cyst formed at the base of the tongue, which
then drains into a fistula (opening) to the
anterior surface of the neck

Answer 5

Thyroglossal Cyst

Question 6

Assessment for Thyroglossal Cyst

Answer 6

Respiratory difficulty due to swelling and obstruction to trachea

Question 7

Swollen and reddened with
drainage of mucus and pus

Answer 7

Thyroglossal Cyst

Question 8

Management of thyroglossal cycts

Answer 8

Surgical Removal of cyst

Question 9

• Failure of the maxillary and median
  nasal process to fuse in intrauterine
  life

Answer 9

Cleft lip

Question 10

Cleft lip can occur due to

Answer 10

Familial tendency and Teratogenic factors

Question 11

Failure of the palatal process
to close in intrauterine life

Answer 11

Cleft palate

Question 12

Cleft palate is usually in the _______ and include _____ and _______

Answer 12

Midline, Soft and hard palate

Question 13

Cleft palate may occur due to :

Answer 13

polygenic inheritance and environmental

Question 14

ASSESSMENT FOR CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

Answer 14

1. SONOGRAM
2. Depress the newborn tongue with tongue bkade

Question 15

how many weeks can surgery be applied for cleft lip?

Answer 15

2-10 weeeks

Question 16

how many weeks can surgery be applied for cleft palate?

Answer 16

3-6 months for soft
15-18 for hard

Question 17

Pierre Robin Syndrome Triad disorder

Answer 17

1. Micronathia
2. Cleft Palate
3. Glossoptosis

Question 18

a tongue malpositioned
downward

Answer 18

glossoptosis

Question 19

Assessment for Pierre robin syndrome:

Answer 19

1. Airway Obstruction
2. Difficulty of breathing

Question 20

Management for pierre robin syndrom

Answer 20

1. Side lying position
2. Repair of cleft palate
3. Suture attached to the anterior surface of the??

Question 21

`5 TYPES OF TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA AND FISTULA

Answer 21

1. esophagus ends with blind pouch , there is tracheoesophageal fistula between the distal part of the esopahgus and trachea
2. Esophagus end with blind puch and there is no connection tp the trachea
3. Fistula is present between or otherwise normal esophagus and trachea
4. Esophagus ends in a blind pouch. fistula is connected the blind pouch of the proximal esophagus to the trachea.
5. There is a blind end portion of the esophagus. Fistula is present in segment of esophagus and trachea.

Question 22

Assessment for tracheoesophageal atresia and fistula

Answer 22

1. Hydramnios
2. too much mucus in the mouth
3. catheter cannot be passed to esophagus to stomach
4. UTZ
5. Barium Swallow

Question 23

Management of TA and FISTULA

Answer 23

1. SURGERY
2. antibiotics
3. gastronomy

Question 24

Is a protrusion of abdominal contents
through the abdominal wall at the point
of the junction of the umbilical cord and
abdomen

Answer 24

omphalocele

Question 25

omphalocele assessment

Answer 25

1. greater than 10cm defect 2. sonogram 3. elevated MSAFP (maetrnal serum alphafetoprotein)

Question 26

Management of the Omphalocele

Answer 26

Surgery (replace the bowel before the thin membrane ruptures or become infected) ⚬ Prosthetic patch repair that bridges the unformed gap on the abdomen with a synthetic material ⚬ Partial replacement of the bowel with the remainder enclosed ina SILASTIC pouch

Question 27

Abdominal wall disorder in which the abdominal organs are not contained by a membrane but rather spill freely from the abdomen

Answer 27

Gastroschisis

Question 28

Assessment for Gastroschisis

Answer 28

Decreased bowel motility

Question 29

Atresia (complete closure) or stenosis (narrowing) of the fetal bowel

Answer 29

Intestinal Obstruction

Question 30

Most common site of the intestinal obstruction

Answer 30

Duodenum

Question 31

Extremely hard portion of meconium that has completely blocked the intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction

Answer 31

Meconium plug syndrome

Question 32

Asssessment for meconium plug syndrome

Answer 32

1. sonogram 2. no meconium passage for 24hr 3. Rectal exam

Question 33

Management for Meconium plug syndromw

Answer 33

Saline enema ￭Acetylcysteine with diatrizoate to dissolve the plug ￭Gastrografin enema(highlyosmotic

Question 34

Obstruction of the intestinal lumen by hardened meconium caused by cystic fibrosis at the ileus level

Answer 34

MECONUM ILEUS

Question 35

Magement for Meconium Ileus

Answer 35

Laparotomy

Question 36

(incise the bowel and remove the meconium

Answer 36

laparotomy

Question 37

Protrusion of the abdominal organ (usually the stomach or intestine) through a defect in the diaphragm into the chest cavity

Answer 37

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 38

* Protrusion of the a portion of the intestine through the umbilical ring, muscle, and fascia surrounding the umbilical cord

Answer 38

umbilical hernia

Question 39

Assessment of umbilical hernia

Answer 39

1-2 cm in diameter

Question 40

Stricture of the anus

Answer 40

imperforate anus

Question 41

Management of the imperforate anus

Answer 41

Anastomosis the rectum and anal sphincter temporary colostomy

Question 42

What are the developmental challlenges in gastrointestinal system for pedia?

Answer 42

1. Ankyloglossia 2. thyrolossal cyst 3. cleft lip 4. cleft palate 5. Tracheoesophageal Atreasia and Fistula 6. omphalocele 7. gastroschisis 8. piere robin syndrome 9. intestinal obstruction 10. meconium plug syndrome 11. Meconium ileus 12. diaphragmatic hernia 13. umbilical hernia 14. imperforate anus