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RN Nursing Care of Children > Pedi GI Disorders > Flashcards

Pedi GI Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Risk Factors

A 
Lack of clean water
poor hygiene
crowded living environments
poor sanitation
nutritional deficiency
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2
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Rotavirus

Manifestations

A

most common cause of diarrhea in children less than 5
fever
foul-smelling, watery stools, diarrhea for 5-7 days
vomiting 2 days

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3
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Rotavirus

Transmission/incubation

A

fecal-oral

48 hr

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4
Q

Acute GI Disorders

E-coli

Manifestations

A

watery diarrhea 1-2 days, then abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea
could lead to hemolytic uremic syndrom (HUS)

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5
Q

Acute GI Disorders

E-coli

Transmission/incubation

A

depends on strain

3-4 days

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6
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Enterobius vermicularis
pinworm

Manifestations

A 
perianal itching
enuresis
sleeplessness
restlessness
irritability due to itching
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7
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Enterobius vermicularis
pinworm

Transmission/incubation

A

fecal-oral
ingested/inhaled eggs hatch in upper intestine and mature, after mating worms migrate out of intestine and lay eggs
eggs can survive 2-3 weeks on surfaces

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8
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Rotavirus

Diagnostics

A

enzyme immunoassay (stool sample)

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9
Q

Acute GI Disorders

E-coli

Diagnostics

A

Sorbitol-MacConkey agar (stool sample)

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10
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Enterobius vermicularis
pinworm

Diagnostics

A

tape test

transparent tape over anus at night, removed first thing in morning

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11
Q

Acute GI Disorders

E. coli

Nursing Care

A

avoid antibiotics

avoid antimotility

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12
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Enterobius vermicularis
pinworm

Medications

A

Mebendazole (for children over 2)
albendazole
pyrantel pamoate

admin in single dose, may need to repeat in 2 weeks
treat the whole family

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13
Q

Acute GI Disorders

Diarrhea

Client Education - Foods to avoid

A 
AVOID:
fruit juices
sodas
gelatin
caffeine
chicken/beef broth
BRAT diet
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14
Q

GI structural Disorders

Cleft Lip and Palate

Risk Factors

A

other syndromes
family hx
exposure to alcohol, cigarette smoke, anticonvulsants, steroids during pregnancy
folate deficiency during pregnancy

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15
Q

GI structural Disorders

Cleft Lip

Surgical

A

2-3 mos old

infant should be at least 10 weeks old, weight 10lb, Hgb 10g/dL

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16
Q

GI structural Disorders

Cleft Palate

Surgical

A

most require 2nd surgery

6-12 mos old

17
Q

GI structural Disorders

Cleft Palate

Complications

A

ear infections/hearing loss
speech and language impairment
dental problems

18
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GER

A

gastric contents reflux back into esophagus = GERD

GER usually resolves by 1 year of age

19
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GER

Risk Factors

A

GER - prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neurological impairments, asthma, cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, scoliosis

20
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GER

Manifestations

A 
Infants:
excessive spitting up
forceful vomiting
irritability
excessive crying
blood in stool or vomitus
arching of back
stiffening
respiratory problems
failure to thrive
apnea
Children:
heartburn
abdominal pain
difficulty swallowing
chronic cough
chest pain
21
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GER

Diagnostic Procedures

A

upper GI
24-hr intraesophageal pH study - measure amount of gastric acid reflux into esophagus
endoscopy with biopsy - detect esophagitis and strictures
scintigraphy - identify cause of gastric content aspiration

22
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GER

Nursing Care

A

Offer small frequent meals
Thicken formula
Avoid caffeine, citrus, peppermint, spicy or fried food
HOB elevated 30 degrees for 1 hr after meals

23
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GERD

Nursing Care

A

Offer small frequent meals
Thicken formula
Avoid caffeine, citrus, peppermint, spicy or fried food
HOB elevated 30 degrees for 1 hr after meals

AND…

administer a proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole or H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine

24
Q

GI Infammatory Disorders

GERD

Surgical

A

Nissen fundoplication

laparoscopic surgical procedure - wraps fundus of stomach around distal esophagus to decrease reflux

25
Q

GI Disorders

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

thickening of pyloric sphincter creating obstruction

usually occurs by first 5 weeks of life

26
Q

GI Disorders

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Manifestations

A

vomiting after feeding
blood-tinged vomit
constant hunger
olive-shaped mass in right upper quadrant of abdomen, possible peristaltic wave that moves left-right when lying supine
failure to gain weight and signs of dehydration (dry/pale skin, cool lips, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, diminished urinary output, concentrated urine, thirst, rapid pulse, sunken eyes)

27
Q

GI Disorders

Hirschsprung Disease

A

lack of ganglionic cells in segments of colon = decreased motility and mechanical obstruction

28
Q

GI Disorders

Hirschsprung Disease

Manifestations

A

Newborn: failure to pass meconium within 24-48 hr after birth; episodes of vomiting bile; refusal to eat; abdominal distention

Infant: failure to thrive; abdominal distention; vomiting; episodes of constipation and watery diarrhea

Older child: failure to thrive; abdominal distention; visible peristalsis; palpable fecal mass; constipation; FOUL-SMELLING RIBBONLIKE STOOL

29
Q

GI Disorders

Intussusception

A

Intestines telescopes into itself = lymphatic and venous obstruction = edema in area = ischemia and increased mucus into intestine
common in 3 months to 3 years

30
Q

GI Disorders

Intussusception

Manifestations

A 
sudden episodic abdominal pain
screaming with drawing knees to chest
abdominal mass (sausage-shaped)***
stools mixed with blood and mucous=red currant jelly
vomiting
fever
dehydration
31
Q

GI Disorders

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of vermiform appendix caused from obstruction of lumen of appendix
average age is 10 years

32
Q

GI Disorders

Appendicitis

Diagnostics

A

CT scan

RN Nursing Care of Children (10 decks)

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