PED's and ethical conduct Flashcards
What are the effects of stimulants
Reduces tiredness increased alertness and endurance
What are the side effects of stimulants
Raised blood pressure, hide symptoms of fatigue and addictive
Who might use stimulants
Events with sprint starts and boxers
What are peptide hormones
A naturally occurring hormone in the body but can be synthesised in a lab. Erythropoietin and Growth Hormones are two common peptide hormones.
What are the effects of peptide hormones
Increased oxygen transport
What are the side effects of peptide hormones
Possible blood clots and cardiovascular problems
Who might use peptide hormones
Cyclist, marathon runners (endurance athletes)
What are diuretics
Promote the removal of fluid form the body
What are the effects of diuretics
Rapid weight loss
What are the side effects of diuretics
Dehydration, dizziness or light headedness
Who might use diuretics
boxers and jockeys
What are anabolic agents
Artificially produced testosterone
What are the effects of anabolic agents
Repair body tissues after stress, promote muscle growth, ability to train harder with less fatigue
What are the side effects of anabolic agents
Females develop male features. Liver and heart damage
Who might use anabolic agents
Athletics power events e.g 100m, shot putt
What is narcotic analgesic
Masks pain (paracetamol, morphine, methadone, heroin)
What are the effects of narcotic analgesic
Reduces pain or an injury
What are the side effects of narcotic analgesic
Nausea, highly addictive, serious injury
Who might use narcotic analgesic
Any events that require pain to be masked
What is the process of blood doping
1) Athlete donates blood
2) Blood is used to harvest the red blood cells out of it
3) Meanwhile the body replaces red blood cells lost
4) Red blood cells re-injected into athlete before a race / event
5) The body has a higher red blood cell count to carry more oxygen to working muscles = More energy for longer!
6) Athlete has better cardiovascular endurance / muscular endurance as a result.
What are the benefits of blood doping
Improved endurance, offset fatigue, better cardio/muscular endurance
What are the side effects of blood doping
- Increased blood thickness (viscosity)
- Blood vessel blockage
- Kidney Failure
- Potential infection
- Potential for heart attacks
What are beta blockers
Beta blockers are legally prescribed but performers are not allowed to use them as the ‘sit’ on receptors and block the receptor from being stimulated e.g atenolol (alcohol has a similar effect)
What are the effects of beta blockers
Slows heart rate, calms and steadies hands
What are the side effects of beta blockers
Heart problems, low blood pressure, weakness and nausea
Who might use beta blockers
Target sports e.g darts/shooting ect
Etiquette
The unwritten rules concerning player behaviour
Sportsmanship
Appropriate, polite and fair behaviour whilst participating
Gamesmanship
An attempt to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit
Contract to compete
An unwritten agreement to play by the rules, trying to win but also allowing your opponent to play
