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Pe > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

How large is your heart?

A

The size of a clenched fist

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2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the middle of the chest slightly to the left

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3
Q

What is the right hand side of the heart responsible for?

A

Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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4
Q

What is the left hand side of the heart responsible for?

A

Pumping oxygenated blood to the body

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5
Q

Each side of the heart consists of what?

A

Atrium and a Ventricle which are connected chambers

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6
Q

The left side of the heart contains what?

A

Left atrium, left ventricle, bicuspid valve, semilunar valves

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7
Q

The right side of the heart contains what?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, tricuspid valve

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8
Q

The centre of the heart contains what?

A

Septum

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9
Q

What happens in the atria?

A

The blood collects when it enters the heart.

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10
Q

What happens in the ventricle?

A

Blood is pumped out of the heart to the lungs or around the body

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11
Q

What does the septum do?

A

Separate the two sides of the heart

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12
Q

What does the tricuspid valve do? Where is it found?

A

It is found between the right atrium and right ventricle and opens due to a build up of pressure in the right atrium

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13
Q

What does the bicuspid valve do? Where is it found?

A

It is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and opens due to a build-up of pressure, in the left atrium.

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14
Q

What does the semilunar valve do? Where is it found?

A

It stops the back flow of blood into the heart. There is a semilunar valve where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and another where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle.

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15
Q

How many main blood vessels take blood in and out of the heart.

A

Four

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16
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

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17
Q

What does the aorta carry and where from?

A

It carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body

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18
Q

What is the largest vein in the body?

A

Vena cava

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19
Q

What does the vena cava carry and where to?

A

It carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body

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20
Q

What does the pulmonary artery carry and where from?

A

It carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs

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21
Q

What does the pulmonary vein carry and where does it return?

A

It carries oxygenated blood and returns it from the lungs to the heart

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22
Q

What do most arteries carry and where

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except for the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs).

23
Q

What are the four main functions of the cardiovascular system

A

1) Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body
2) Remove the waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid
3) Protection against disease and infection
4) Maintain body temperature

24
Q

What happens when the heart contracts?

A

Pushes blood into blood vessels which creates blood pressure

25
Q

What two things do blood pressure readings consist of? And what do they do?

A 
Systolic value (blood pressure while the heart is squeezing)
Diastolic value (blood pressure while the heart is relaxing)
26
Q

What is the average blood pressure of an adult

A

120/80mmHg- The first number is the systolic value and the second is diastolic value

27
Q

What is blood pressure determined by?

A

Q- cardiac output

R- resistance to blood flow

28
Q

What is R caused by? (R=resistance to blood flow)

A

The diameter of the blood vessels and the thickness of the blood

29
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Plaque in the arteries

30
Q

What does an increased blood pressure mean?

A

It can have serious health implications such as causing chronic high blood pressure, angina or even a heart attack or stroke

31
Q

What is the heart’s function?

A

To pump blood around the body

32
Q

How do you measure the heart’s performance?

A

Measuring how much blood is pumped in and out of the heart each minute. This is called cardiac output.

33
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output? And what letters stand in their place for the equation?

A

Heart rate x stroke value=cardiac output

Q=HRxSV

34
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The number of times the heart beats or the ventricles pump out blood in one minute.

35
Q

What is approximate heart rate?

A

70 BMP (beats per minute)

36
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles each time they contract.

37
Q

What is the approximate stroke volume?

A

70ml-90ml

38
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood pumped from the heart every minute

39
Q

What is heart rate measured in?

A

BPM (beats per minute)

40
Q

Why does the heart rate increase during exercise?

A

So that sufficient blood can be taken to the working muscles to provide them with enough nutrients and oxygen

41
Q

What does an increase in heart rate allow?

A

Waste products to be removed

42
Q

How do you work out maximum heart rate?

A

220-age

43
Q

What is the maximum HR of a 17 year old?

A

203BPM

44
Q

What is the maximum HR of a 43 year old?

A

177BPM

45
Q

What happens to your stroke value when you exercise?

A

It increases as more blood is needed to pump around the body to your muscles

46
Q

What is the average cardiac output of a person when resting?

A

5 litres per minute

47
Q

What is the average cardiac output of a person when exercising?

A

30 litres per minute

48
Q

Work out the cardiac output of a person at rest with a heart rate of 70 bpm and a stroke volume of 80 ml

A

5.6 litres = 5600ml

49
Q

Compare that to their cardiac output when they are taking part in exercise and their heart rate increases to 200 bpm and stroke volume increases to 120 ml.

A

24 litres = 2400ml

50
Q

Work out the cardiac output of a person at rest with a heart rate of 65 bpm and a stroke volume of 72 ml.

A

4.69 litres = 4690ml

51
Q

Compare that to their cardiac output when they are taking part in exercise and their heart rate increases to 210 bpm and stroke volume increases to 140 ml.

A

29.4 litres = 29400ml

52
Q

What happens to blood pressure during exercise?

A

It increases as cardiac output has an impact on blood pressure

53
Q

What would be a typical blood pressure reading?

A

Around 160/85 mmHg

Pe (6 decks)

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