Ped Clinical Pathology

Question 1

Erythema toxicum:

1. Description?
2. when does it appear?
3. Prognosis?

Answer 1

1. Small blotchy erythematous areas with a raised yellow/white center
2. Usually in first week to ten days of life
3. Harmless

Question 2

Atopic Dermatitis:

1. Also called?
2. Acute appearance?
3. What area is spared?

Answer 2

1. Eczema - “the itch that rashes”
2. ERYTHEMA, SCALY, vesicles, crusts
3. Diaper area spared

Question 3

HSP (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura):

1. Physical finding?
2. Labs to run + results?
3. Most frequent/serious complication?

Answer 3

1. palpable purpura
2. URINALYSIS, which may be positive for blood or protein in 50% of the patients
3. Renal involvement is the most frequent and serious complication, usually acute glomerulonephritis.

Question 4

Common benign murmurs in children are?

Answer 4

Low pitched (non-turbulent, not high velocity)

Question 5

Still’s Murmur:

1. Characteristics?
2. Where is it heard?
3. What does it sound like?

Answer 5

1. Benign; Heard in Older children
2. Heard at the lower left sternal area
3. low pitch “musical” sound (almost like a soft whistle)

Question 6

Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus:

1. What does it sound like?
2. Patient presentation? (5)

Answer 6

1. Bounding pulse murmur - “machine - like” murmur

2. Tachypnea, poor feeding habits, Sweating while feeding, Tiring easily, SOB

Question 7

Top 3 Bacterial Organisms for Otitis Media?

Answer 7

1. Strep pneumoniae
2. Moraxella catarrhalis
3. H. flu nontypables

Question 8

Croup:

1. X-Ray appearance?
2. Symptoms

Answer 8

1. Steeple Sign = Subglotic narrowing of the trachea

2. croupy cough, hoarseness, & stridor

Question 9

What is the most common cause of inspiratory stridor in Peds?

Answer 9

Croup

Question 10

When a child has unilateral purulent nasal drainage, what should you think of?

Answer 10

• Foreign Body lodged in the nasal passage

- Important cause of chronic cough in a toddler

Question 11

Labial Adhesions Treatment?

Answer 11

• mechanical separation then petroleum ointment to diminish irritation
• Can also use Estrogen Creams (premarin)

Question 12

Two types of Febrile Seizures and their characteristics

Answer 12

1. Simple Febrile Seizures
   - Lasts a few seconds to 5-10 minutes
   - Generalized
2. Complex Febrile Seizures
   - lasts longer than 15 minutes
   - Focal - In just one part of the body
   - Occurs again during the same illness

Question 13

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Answer 13

Traction apophysitis of tibial tubercle

Question 14

Impetigo:

1. Description?
2. Cause?

Answer 14

1. Honey crusted lesions: red crusting, dried pus or discharge or oozing patches
2. Staph Infections (sometimes secondary to scratching of the skin)

Question 15

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

1. Cause?
2. Appearance?
3. Where is it found?

Answer 15

1. Coxsackie A 16
2. Painful, shallow, yellow ulcers surrounded by red halos
3. Found on Buccal Mucosa and also involves the palmar, plantar and interdigital surfaces of the hands and feet

Question 16

Erythema infectiosum:

1. Also called?
2. Cause?
3. Appearance?

Answer 16

1. The 5th Disease
2. Parvovirus B19
3. Rash on face is characteristic “slapped cheek” appearance

Question 17

Roseola infantum: Pt presentation?

Answer 17

• High fever for 3-4 days

- Abrupt drop in fever with appearance of rash

Question 18

Describe the most Distinguishing Feature of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 18

Rash spread most distinguishing feature: begins distally (erythemaous, blanching, fine, maculopapular), spreads centripetally