Pectoral Region And Axilla

Question 1

Apex of Axilla has what borders?

Answer 1

Anteriorly: Middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Medially : Outer border of 1st rib
Posteriorly : Superior border of scapula

Question 2

The base of axilla is made of?

Answer 2

Skin, superficial fascia and axillary fascia

Question 3

The lower part of clavipectoral fascia fuses with the axillary fascia leading to retraction of the skin if the base of the axilla inwards when the arm is?

Answer 3

Abducted

Question 4

The superficial layer of the anterior wall of the axilla is made of?

Answer 4

Pectoralis major

Question 5

The deep layer of the anterior wall of the axilla is formed of?

Answer 5

Subclavius, clavipectoral fascia and pectoralis minor

Question 6

What forms the anterior fold of axilla?

Answer 6

Twisted fibers of lower border of pectoralis major

Question 7

What muscles form posterior wall of axilla?

Answer 7

Subscapularis (above)
Teres major and Latissimus Dorsi (below)

Question 8

Posterior fold of the axilla is formed of?

Answer 8

The tendon of latissimus dorsi winding around the lower border of teres major

Question 9

What is the medial wall of the axillary made of?

Answer 9

Upper 4 ribs w/ intercostal muscles
Upper part of serratus anterior

Question 10

What makes the lateral wall of Axilla?

Answer 10

Upper part of humerus
Corachobrachialis and short head of biceps

Question 11

What are the contents of the axilla?

Answer 11

Axillary artery and its branches
Axillary vein and its tributaries
Cords of brachial plexus and branches
Axillary lymph nodes
Axillary tail of breast
Lateral cutaneous branches of upper intercostal nerves
Long thoracic nerve
Fatty areolar connective tissue

Question 12

What roots make Upper trunk?

Answer 12

C5 and C6

Question 13

What root makes middle trunk?

Answer 13

C7

Question 14

What makes lower trunk?

Answer 14

C8 and T1

Question 15

What makes lateral cord?

Answer 15

Anterior divisions of upper and middle trunk

Question 16

What makes posterior cord?

Answer 16

Posterior divisions of all trunks

Question 17

What makes Medial cord

Answer 17

Anterior division of lower trunk

Question 18

Branches of the roots of brachial plexus?

Answer 18

Muscular branches to scalene muscles and longus colli muscle in the neck (C5, 6, 7, 8)
Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Root to phrenic nerve (C5)
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 19

Branches of upper trunk of brachial plexus?

Answer 19

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

Question 20

Branches of lateral cord

Answer 20

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, 6, 7)
Lateral root of median nerve (C5,6,7)
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6,7)

Question 21

Branches of medial cord

Answer 21

Ulnar nerve ( C7, 8, T1)
Medial pectoral nerve (C8 & T1)
Medial root of median nerve (C8 & T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm (C8 & T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8 & T1)

Question 22

Branches of posterior cord

Answer 22

Upper subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Thoracodorsal nerve (C5,6)
Circumflex nerve (C5,6)
Radial nerve (C5, 6, 7, 8 & T1)

Question 23

Superior attachment of pectoral fascia

Answer 23

Clavicle

Question 24

Pectoral fascia is attached medially to?

Answer 24

The front of the sternum

Question 25

What is the action of whole muscle pectoralis major?

Answer 25

Addicts and medially rotates shoulder joint

Question 26

What is the action of the claviuclar head of pectoralis major?

Answer 26

Flexes shoulder joint

Question 27

Nerve supply of pectoralis major?

Answer 27

Medial pectoral nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 28

What is the action of Pectoralis Minor?

Answer 28

Protraction & depression of the scapula

Question 29

What is the action of Subclavius?

Answer 29

Steadies clavicle during movements of shoulder girdle

Question 30

Clavipectoral fascia is attached superiorly?

Answer 30

Splits to enclose Subclavius and is attached to subclavian groove

Question 31

Clavipectoral fascia is attached inferiorly ?

Answer 31

It splits to ensheath the pectoralis minor, the two layers fuse @ lower border of pectoralis minor and continue as suspension ligament of axilla then fuses with axillary fascia

Question 32

The clavipercoral fascia is attached medially?

Answer 32

It blends with fascia over the two intercostal spaces and is attached to 1st rib

Question 33

The clavipectoral fascia is laterally attached?

Answer 33

To the coracoid process

Question 34

Structures piercing clavipectoral fascia?

Answer 34

Thoracoacromial artery
Cephalon vein to terminate into axillary vein
Lateral pectoral nerve
Lymph vessels

Question 35

Functions of clavipectoral fascia

Answer 35

Protects contents of axilla
Suspension ligament raises the skin of floor of axilla when clavicle is elevated and thus maintains the hollow of axilla

Question 36

Nerve supply to serratus anterior?

Answer 36

Long thoracic nerve ( nerve to serratus anterior)

Question 37

Action of serratus anterior?

Answer 37

Protraction and depression of scapula
Lower 5 digitations act with the upper and lower fibers of trapezius producing lateral rotation of the scapula during raising the arm above the head
Acting form insertion can elevate ribs in forced inspiration

Question 38

Action of serratus anterior?

Answer 38

Protraction and depression of scapula
Lower 5 digitations act with the upper and lower fibers of trapezius producing lateral rotation of the scapula during raising the arm above the head
Acting form insertion can elevate ribs in forced inspiration

Question 39

Injury of long thoracic nerve leads to?

Answer 39

Paralysis of serratus anterior, resulting in the winging of scapula

Question 40

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Answer 40

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