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Anatomy Of The Upper Limb > Pec, Axilla, Anterior Arm + Forearm And Palmar Hand > Flashcards

Pec, Axilla, Anterior Arm + Forearm And Palmar Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position (thumb and palm)

A

Thumb is lateral

Palm is directed Anteriorly

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2
Q

Upper Limb Regions

A

Shoulder

Arm (Brachium)

Forearm (Antebrachium)

Hand

Pollex: thumb

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3
Q

Specific Regions Of The Upper Limb

A 
Shoulder
      Axillary Region
Arm
     Cubical Fossa
Forearm
     Wrist (carpal tunnel)
Hand
     Digits: fingers/thumb
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4
Q

Axillary region Boundaries

A

Bound by apex, base and 4 walls

Apex: cervico-axillary canal (bounded by the first rib, clavicle and superior edge of the scapula)

Base: skin and fat in axillary fossa (arm pit)

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5
Q

Muscle Compartments/Vessels/Innervation of the Arm

A

Muscles: anterior-flexors. Posterior-extensors

Vessels: anterior-brachial artery. Posterior-deep brachial artery

Innervation: anterior-musculocutaneous nerve. Posterior-radial nerve

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6
Q

Cubical fossa definition and boundaries

A

Triangular depression on anterior surface of elbow

Superior: Line from medial epicondyle to lateral epicondyle

Lateral: brachioradialis muscle

Medial: pronator teres muscle

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7
Q

Cubical Fossa Contents

A

End of brachial artery
Tendon of biceps brachii
Median nerve
Radial Nerve

Superficial vein that passes over: median cubital vein

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8
Q

Forearm muscle compartments/vessels/innervation

A

Muscles: anterior-flexors+pronators. Posterior-extensors+supinators

Vessels: anterior-radial+ulnar arteries. Posterior- posterior interosseous artery

Innervation: anterior-median and ulnar nerves. Posterior-radial nerve

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9
Q

The Carpal Tunnel

A

Tunnel between carpal bones (floor/walls) and flexor retinaculum (roof)

Contains: tendons of-flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis longus.
Median nerve

Clinically relevant: pressure in tunnel can compress the median nerve

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10
Q

Relevant Bones in Upper limb

A

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

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11
Q

Hand Joints

A

carpometacarpal joint

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Distal interphalangeal joint

Interphalangeal joint (thumb)

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12
Q

Anterior Chest Wall Muscles

A 
Pectoralis Major (clavicular head and sternal head) 
      Mult. Heads allows it to perform several actions

Pectoralis minor

Subclavius

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13
Q

Muscles of the Lateral Chest wall

A

Serratus Anterior
Attaches to the entire anterior aspect of the medial border of the scapula. It’s the only protractor of the scapula. damage to this muscle or the nerve supplying it (long thoracic nerve) will lead to unopposed retraction of the scapula

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14
Q

Anterior arm Muscles

A

Biceps Brachii: long and short head (long head is lateral)

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

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15
Q

Anterior Forearm Muscles

A

Proximal Attachment for most of the superficial muscles: distal end of the humerus (flexors on the medial and extensors in the posterior compartment attach to the lateral side)

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16
Q

Anterior Forearm Muscle Layers

A

1st: Pronator teres, Flexor Carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnars
2nd: Flexor digitorum Superficialis
3rd: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus
4th: pronator quadratus

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17
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis vs. profundus

A

Distal attachment points of flexor digitorum superficialis are the shafts of the MIDDLE phalanges

Tendons split as they attach to the bone

Emerging from underneath these tendons are the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

BOTH muscles cross the PIP joint, both assist in flexing that joint. BUT the only muscle that crosses the DIP and thus flexes that joint is flexor digitorum profundus

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18
Q

Axillary Artery

A

Continuation of the subclavian artery

Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after it crosses the lateral border of the first rib

19
Q

Axillary Artery divisions (3 segments)

A

TBH

20
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

Clinical correlation: the posterior circumflex humeral artery travels with the axillary never near the SURGICAL NECK of the humerus-a common site of fracture

21
Q

Brachial Artery

A

After axillary artery crosses the inferior border of teres major muscle it becomes the brachial artery

Supply’s blood to the upper limb

22
Q

Branches of the Brachial Artery

A

TBH

23
Q

Ulnar and Radial Arteries

A

Brachial artery splits near the cubital fossa into ulnar (medial-pinky side) and radial (lateral-thumb side) branches

These 2 Arteries have several branches that anastomose with the branches coming off the brachial artery

24
Q

Branches of the Ulnar and Radial Arteries

A

TBH

25
Q

Veins

A

Most typically have the same name and travel with the Arteries

Only exception: superficial veins on the upper limb (no paired arteries)

26
Q

Cephalic Vein

A

Travels along the lateral aspect of the forearm and arm, connecting to the axillary vein in the shoulder (runs upper outside aspect of the upper limb C for ceiling)

27
Q

Basilic veing

A

Travels along the medial aspect of the forearm and arm. It pierces the brachial fascia in the middle of the arm and runs parallel to the brachial artery. It merges superiorly with deep veins in the arm to form the axillary vein

Runs lower inside portion of the upper limb B for basement

28
Q

Median cubital Vein

A

Branch that connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital region. Common site for venipuncture

29
Q

Compartments of the Hand

A 
Thenar
Hypothenar
Central
Interosseous
Adductor
30
Q

Sheaths and Potential Spaces in the Hand

A

Sheaths: surround tendons and allow smooth movement (common flexor sheath and flexor pollicis longus sheath)

Potential Spaces: areas usually filled with CT
Thenar space (1)
Midpalmar space (2)
31
Q

Sheaths, Spaces and Infection

A

Spaces and sheaths can be a source of infection (e.g. Tenosynovitis)

Infection can be contained by CT, but can also spread since some spaces and structures connect

Infection can spread from MIDPALMAR space through the carpal tunnel into the forearm
Infection in the 5th digital synovial sheath can spread to the common flexor sheath through the carpal tunnel into the forearm
Infection of the Flexor pollicis longus sheath can spread directly to the carpal tunnel and then into the forearm

32
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Boundaries: medial-tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Lateral-tendon of extensor pollicis brevis, tendon of abductor pollicis longus

Contents: radial artery (pulse can be felt here) and scaphoid bone (forms the floor)

33
Q

Muscles of the Palmar Hand

A

Adductor pollicis

Thenar muscles: abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponents pollicis

Hypothenar muscles: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponents digiti minimi

Lumbricals
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei

34
Q

Thenar muscles and innervation

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponents pollicis

Innervation: median nerve (recurrent branch)

35
Q

Hypothenar muscles and innervation

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponents digiti minimi

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)

36
Q

Central muscles and innervation of palmar hand

A

Lumbricals and tends of FDS and FDP

Innervation?

37
Q

Interosseous muscles and innervation

A 
Palmar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)

Innervation: ulnar nerve (deep branch)

38
Q

Adductor muscles and innervation of palmar hand

A

Adductor pollicis

Ulnar nerve: deep branch

39
Q

All muscles in the palmar hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve except 1/2 LOAF

A

1 and 2 lumbricals

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

40
Q

Arteries of the hand

A

Radial and ulnar arteries travel down the forearm on their respective side

Once they reach the wrist/hand, branches emerge that form arches in palmar region

41
Q

Superficial palmar arch (artery)

A

direct continuation of the ulnar artery. The arch is formed with a superficial branch of the radial artery

42
Q

Deep palmar arch (artery)

A

Direct continuation of the radial artery. The arch is formed with a deep branch of the ulnar artery

43
Q

Proper Palmar Digital Arteries

A

Run along the sides of the fingers and are formed when each common palmar digital artery splits

44
Q

Common Palmar Digital Arteries

A

Come off the superficial palmar arch

Anatomy Of The Upper Limb (5 decks)

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