Pearls -- Labs and IV Therapy Flashcards
Tb
Mantoux/ppd screen. Sputum to confirm
Diabetes
3 test blood sugar > 125. Gtt 2hr value > 200 to confirm
Hiv and aids
Elisa screen. Has high false positives so do another one if the 1st comes back positive then do a western blot
Bun
10-20. Shows more dehydration. Severe indicates renal dysfunction. Low in liver disease cause liver can’t make it
Creatinine
<1.2. Increases in renal dysfunction
Hct
36-54
Specific gravity of urine
1.005-1.030. High values indicate dehydration and greater than 1.020 indicates hypovolemia
Sodium
135-145
Potassium
3.5-5.2
Magnesium
1.5-2.5 Low levels risk for dysthymias. Low levels seen with those who take diuretics
Phosphorus
2.5-4.5
Ammonia
Liver function 35-65
Total bilirubin
<1.2
Ca
8.5-10
Albumin
3.5-5. Follows potassium
Prealbumin
20-40
Rbc
4.2-6million
Wbc
5.0-11,000
Lymphocytes
1,000-4,000
Coumadin antidote
Vit K
Heparin antidote
Protamine sulfate
Lanoxin
Toxicity >2.5
Aminophylline & Dilantin
10-20
Phenobarbital
10-25
Valproic acid
50-120
Seizure
Indirect Coombs test
Initial test for type and screen
Uric acid level
Fluid volume deficit
S&S and interventions
Dec urine output, thirst, confused, hypernatremia, low cvp, tenting of skin (check before looking at ft mucous membranes and cracked lips)
Replace fluids!!!
Normal fluid intake
2000 to 2500 ml. Need more with respiratory conditions to thin out secretions, more with fever, more with foley.
Fluid volume overload
Weight gain, dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema, s3 gallop, jvd, peripheral edema.
Monitor weight,
Hob
Neutrophil
3000-6000. Low put on precautions like reverse isolation, no fruit, veggies, flowers, black pepper, no standing water >15 minutes- no water pitcher.
Platelet
150-400
Liver function tests
Alt, alp, ast, urobillnogen, ammonia, bilirubin
Alt
Liver
Alp
Liver.
Ast
Liver.
Ammonia
Less than 100
Amylase & Lipase
Less than 150
Sign of electrolyte balance
Weakness and paresthesia
Sodium and potassium
Opposite. Exchange.
Sodium and —- are buddies
Cl. Except infections
Ca and — run together and —is opposite in absence of disease.
Mg. phosphorus
K and —are opposite.
H
K, ca, mg
Run together
Hco3 and cl
Opposite
Low sodium
Due to fluid overload or renal problems. Will see confusion.
High sodium
Salt. Skin flushed agitation low grade fever and thirst.
Low k
Muscle weakness, constipation. Flat t waves, u waves, st depression
High k
Tall t, wide qrs, no p wave. Treat with calcium gluconate insulin and dextrose, or sodium bicarbonate to put back in cell. Or kayexalate.
Calcium
8.5 to 10. Twitch twitch. Seize. Nothing. Pth pulls calcitonin keeps.
Low ca signs
Twitch, seizure. Chovateks and trosseaus.
Ca/mg are —-
Opposite of phosphorus.
High ca
Everything slows down.
Prostate cancer
Psa screen. Biopsy confirmation
