Pearls Endocrine System

Question 1

Insulin

Answer 1

lowers blood sugar

Question 2

Glucagon

Answer 2

raises blood sugar

Question 3

Side effects of Endocrine Meds

Answer 3

Dizzy, drowsy, dysrhythmias, GI and weight loss, respiratory infections (Sinusitis), bone marrow suppression

Question 4

Pituitary agents

Answer 4

Used to treat acromegaly (pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone) and diabetes inspidius. DDAVP

Question 5

Thyroid agents

Answer 5

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) take on empty stomach to help with absorption. Should be taken alone.

Question 6

anti-thyroid use, lab, meds

Answer 6

used when thyroid is over active.
low rbi, wbc, plt. inc liver enz
tapazole, ptu

Question 7

metformin

Answer 7

can cause lactic acidosis –>Metabolic acidosis. Hold for 48hrs after contrast dye is given

Question 8

which insulin can you give IV

Answer 8

Novolin R

Question 9

Rapid insulin

Answer 9

NovoLog, Humalog. One hour peak

Question 10

Short acting insulin

Answer 10

Humulin R, Novolin R. Mid morning

Question 11

Intermediate insulin

Answer 11

NPH, Humulin N, Novolin N. Mid to late afternoon.

Question 12

PTH and — go together

Answer 12

calcium.

Question 13

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 13

Not enough PTH. Low calcium. could be from removal of parathyroid gland. S/S: tingling, tightness, chvostek’s, trousseau. Exercise program. At risk for falls

Question 14

Hyperparathroidism

Answer 14

Too much PTH. High calcium and osteoporosis

Question 15

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 15

Secondary to low calcium. malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, chronic renal failure

Question 16

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 16

Enlargement of the gland even when calcium is normal PTH is released

Question 17

Management of hyperparathryroidism

Answer 17

Increase fluids, diuretics, weight bearing, calcitonin to keep calcium in bones, parathroidectomy

Question 18

Hypo-parathyroidism Diet

Answer 18

High calcium. Low phosphorus

Question 19

Hyper-parathyroidism Diet

Answer 19

Low Calcium. High Fiber

Question 20

Adrenal medulla

Answer 20

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 21

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 21

Secretes the three “S’s”. Sugar (Cortisol), Salt (Aldosterone), Sex (Estrogen and testosterone)

Question 22

Hyper-aldosteronism (Conn’s disease)

Answer 22

Too much aldosterone secreted. Kidneys hold on to salt and throw out potassium. Edema and hypertension due to high sodium. Weakness due to low potassium

Question 23

Addison’s Disease

Answer 23

Not enough sugar (Hypoglycemia, bronze skin), salt (hypotension, GI problems, diarrhea and weakness due to high K), and sex (body hair) JFK.

Question 24

Test for Addison’s Disease

Answer 24

Corticotropin stimulation

Question 25

Management of Addison’s

Answer 25

Hydrocortisone IV, Prednisone.

Question 26

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 26

Too much of the adrenal cortisol or ACTH