Pearls Endocrine System Flashcards
Insulin
lowers blood sugar
Glucagon
raises blood sugar
Side effects of Endocrine Meds
Dizzy, drowsy, dysrhythmias, GI and weight loss, respiratory infections (Sinusitis), bone marrow suppression
Pituitary agents
Used to treat acromegaly (pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone) and diabetes inspidius. DDAVP
Thyroid agents
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) take on empty stomach to help with absorption. Should be taken alone.
anti-thyroid use, lab, meds
used when thyroid is over active.
low rbi, wbc, plt. inc liver enz
tapazole, ptu
metformin
can cause lactic acidosis –>Metabolic acidosis. Hold for 48hrs after contrast dye is given
which insulin can you give IV
Novolin R
Rapid insulin
NovoLog, Humalog. One hour peak
Short acting insulin
Humulin R, Novolin R. Mid morning
Intermediate insulin
NPH, Humulin N, Novolin N. Mid to late afternoon.
PTH and — go together
calcium.
Hypoparathyroidism
Not enough PTH. Low calcium. could be from removal of parathyroid gland. S/S: tingling, tightness, chvostek’s, trousseau. Exercise program. At risk for falls
Hyperparathroidism
Too much PTH. High calcium and osteoporosis
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary to low calcium. malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, chronic renal failure
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Enlargement of the gland even when calcium is normal PTH is released
Management of hyperparathryroidism
Increase fluids, diuretics, weight bearing, calcitonin to keep calcium in bones, parathroidectomy
Hypo-parathyroidism Diet
High calcium. Low phosphorus
Hyper-parathyroidism Diet
Low Calcium. High Fiber
Adrenal medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal Cortex
Secretes the three “S’s”. Sugar (Cortisol), Salt (Aldosterone), Sex (Estrogen and testosterone)
Hyper-aldosteronism (Conn’s disease)
Too much aldosterone secreted. Kidneys hold on to salt and throw out potassium. Edema and hypertension due to high sodium. Weakness due to low potassium
Addison’s Disease
Not enough sugar (Hypoglycemia, bronze skin), salt (hypotension, GI problems, diarrhea and weakness due to high K), and sex (body hair) JFK.
Test for Addison’s Disease
Corticotropin stimulation
Management of Addison’s
Hydrocortisone IV, Prednisone.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Too much of the adrenal cortisol or ACTH
