Peadiatrics

Question 1

How is a paediatrics airway different?

Answer 1

Larger epiglottis, more anterior larynx, narrow trachea:

Question 2

How is a paediatrics cardiovascular system different?

Answer 2

Higher cardiac output per weight. Fixed stroke volume. Immature sympathetic nervous system until 6years old.

Question 3

How is a paediatrics respiratory system different?

Answer 3

Higher RR and O2 consumption. Higher minute volume. Desaturate quickly

Question 4

What is the pain assessment numeric for paediatrics?

Answer 4

QUUESTT
Question child 
Use pain rating scale 
Use words like big and little 
Evaluate behaviour and physiological changes
Secure parents involvements
Take cause of pain into account 
Take action and evaluate results

Question 5

What are causes of hypovolaemia in peadiatrics?

Answer 5

Haemorrhage, dehydration, burns, sepsis, need MICA

Question 6

What is waddells triad?

Answer 6

Femur, abdo and head injury

Question 7

What are the thee main functions of burn treatment?

Answer 7

Prevent heat loss, fluid replacement, be a barrier

Question 8

At what age do febrile convulsions occur?

Answer 8

3 months to 5 years

Question 9

What is the salbutamol spacer doses for children ages 6 and up and below the age of 6?

Answer 9

6 and up: 4-12 doses

5 and under: 2-6 doses

Question 10

What are the ventilation rates for paediatric patients. Infant, small child, and large child?

Answer 10

Infant: 15 to 20 per min 10ml/kg
Small child: 10 to 15 per min
Large child: 8 to 12 per min

Question 11

How is a paediatrics immune system different?

Answer 11

Immature, deteriorate and recover fast

Question 12

What are the main differences between croup and epiglottis?

Answer 12

Croup: viral. swelling of tracheal mucosa, peaks at 2 years old. Nebulised adrenaline

Epiglottis: bacterial. inflammation of the larynx, septicaemic, peaks at age 3 to 6 years. Sits forward. Drooling. No cough. Rapid onset. Do not touch. Tx asap

Question 13

What is the old epiglottis pneumonic?

Answer 13

Snored 
Septic, sitting forward
No cough 
Rapid onset
Expiratory snore 
Drooling

Question 14

What are the signs of serious illness in children?

Answer 14

Feeding less than 50% of normal over 24hrs
Breathing difficulty: rib retraction. Accessory muscle use
Less active than usual
Less than 4 wet nappies in 24hrs

Question 15

At What rate should you commence CPR in bradycardic infants and children?

Answer 15

40 for children

60 for infants