Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

What does too much and not enough sodium do?

Answer 1

Too much can cause oedema

Sodium loss Amman lead to hypovolaemia

Question 2

What are the normal ranges for sodium and what are the ranges for mild, moderate, and severe hypoatrieamia?

Answer 2

Normal: 135 to 145
Mild: 120-130
Moderate: 110 to 120
Severe:

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoatrieamia?

Answer 3

Lethargy, confusion, convulsions, coma, hypotension, tachycardia, oedema, venous distention

Question 4

What are the symptoms of hypernatreamia?

Answer 4

Thirst 
Fever 
Dry mouth
Convulsions 
APO
Elevated blood pressure
Bounding pulse

Question 5

What are the 5 main functions of sodium?

Answer 5

Maintain ECF osmolarity
Regulates water distribution and ECF volume
Controls other electrolytes
Combines with other electrolytes to balance acid- base
Impulse transmission I’m nerves and muscles

Question 6

What is the function of potassium?

Answer 6

To maintain osmolarity of the ICF

Question 7

What are the normal ranges of potassium? Hyperkaleamia associated with nerve and muscle function

Answer 7

3.5 to 5.5

Question 8

Causes of hyperkaleamia?

Answer 8

Cell trauma: burns, crush
Supplement overdose
Decreased renal secretion

Question 9

What are the signs of hyperkaleamia?

Answer 9

Mild: neuromuscular irritability
Peaked T waves
Severe: paralysis
ST depression, long PR, wide QRS, VF

Question 10

What are causes and symptoms of hypokaleamia?

Answer 10

Alkalosis, increased renal loss ( diuretics)

Decreased muscle tone
Bradycardia
AV block

Question 11

What are the normal ranges of calcium?

Answer 11

1.15 to 1.30 extra cellular ion

Question 12

What are the normal ranges of magnesium?

Answer 12

0.7 to 1.0

Question 13

What is the range for acidosis and alkalosis?

Answer 13

7.45 alkalosis