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History Conflict And Tension > Peacemaking > Flashcards

Peacemaking Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Paris Peace conference?

A

When 32 countries met in January 1919, to decide the terms of the final peace treaties.

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2
Q

Who were the ‘Big Three’ and which country did they represent?

A

-David Lloyd George (Britain)
-Georges Clemenceau (France)
-Woodrow Wilson (USA)

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3
Q

What were the aims for Clemenceau at the Paris Peace conference?

A

-Wanted to cripple Germany’s economy.
-Wanted revenge for all lives lost.
-Wanted to push German border back to the Rhine so French people would feel safer.

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4
Q

What were the aims for David Lloyd George at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

-Wanted a cautious approach, wary of whether Germany would want revenge or not.
-Aimed to gain German colonies to add to the British Empire.
-Wanted naval supremacy by reducing Germany’s navy.

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5
Q

What were the aims of Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

-Wanted a fair peace, so Germany would not seek revenge.
-Proposed the Fourteen Points and self-determination of the seas.
-However, the American public did not want the USA to get involved in European affairs again.

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6
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

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7
Q

What kind of a treaty did people believe the Treaty of Versailles to be?

A

A diktat (forced treaty), Germany was not allowed to negotiate the terms.

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8
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, regarding territory?

A

-Anschluss was forbidden.
-The Rhineland was demilitarised.
-The Saar was given to the League of Nations to control for 15 years.
-Germany was split in two by the Polish corridor.
-Overall, Germany lost about 10-13% of land.

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9
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, regarding economic damage?

A

Article 232: reparations- the amount was set at £6.6 billion in 1921.

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10
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, regarding Military loss?

A

The German army was limited to 100,000 men.
Germany was not allowed tanks, submarines, or an air force (luftwaffe).
The German navy restricted to 15,000 men, with only 1,500 officers.
The German navy was only allowed six battleships.

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11
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, regarding damage to pride?

A

Article 231: the War Guilt clause
Germany’s colonies were given to the League of Nations as mandates.

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12
Q

What were Clemenceau’s opinions on the treaty?

A

Clemenceau was pleased about:
-France giving Alsace-Lorraine.
-Germany having no army present in the Rhineland.

Clemenceau was unhappy about:
-The reparations: The French thought that they should pay more.
-Germany being allowed to have an army, even a small one.
-The Rhineland not being completely taken away from Germany.

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13
Q

What were David Lloyd George’s opinion on the Treaty?

A

Lloyd George was pleased about:
-Britain having naval supremacy over Germany.
-The British empire gaining more colonies.

Lloyd George was unhappy about:
-The harsh reparations meaning Britains would lose trade with Germany.
-The threat of a possible future war.

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14
Q

What were Woodrow Wilson’s opinions on the Treaty?

A

Wilson was pleased about:
-The creation of the League of Nations

Wilson was unhappy about:
-The Fourteen Points being ignored in the treaty terms.
-The harshness of the Treaty terms.
-Wilson wanted the USA to join the League of Nations but the US senate followed a policy of isolationism and refused this.

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15
Q

In summary, why couldn’t the ‘Big Three’ get everything they wanted?

A

The ‘Big Three’ had different and often contrasting aims, they had to compromise.

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16
Q

How did the allies of Britain react to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

-Propaganda during the war taught the Britain to despise Germans.
-British people generally thought that the treaty was fair.
-Lloyd George was hailed as hero.

17
Q

How did the allies of France react to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

-Many people in France were furious- they believed that the treaty was nowhere near harsh enough.
-People felt Clemenceau had not done enough; they voted him out in the next election.
- Gaining control of the Saar was something that the French liked.

18
Q

How did the allies of USA react to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

-No fighting took place on US soil, no Americans did not want revenge or compensation in the same way that the British and French did.
-Many people thought that the treaty was too harsh.
The USA wanted to follow a policy of self-isolationism.

19
Q

Why did German people hate the treaty so much?

A

-Many people felt that the treaty was a Diktat.
-The War Guilt clause was a humiliation for the German people.
-Many German people felt vulnerable.

20
Q

What happened in the Treaty of St Germain?

A

-Impacted Austria
-Land was taken to create new countries Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
-Forbidden to unite with Germany.

21
Q

Military restrictions in the Treaty of St Germain?

A

-30,000 in army.
-No conscription.
-No navy.

22
Q

What happened in the Treaty of Neuilly?

A

-Impacted Bulgaria
-Land lost to Yugoslavia and Greece
-100 million in reparations

23
Q

Military restrictions in the Treaty of Neuilly?

A

-20,000 in army
-No conscriptions
-No air force
-Only four battleships

24
Q

Date of Treaty of St Germain

A

10th September 1919

25
Q

Date of Treaty of Neuilly

A

27 November 1919

26
Q

What happened in the Treaty of Trianon?

A

-Impacted Hungary.
-Land lost to Romania, Czechslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Austria.
-Reparation agreed but never fixed.

27
Q

Military restrictions in the Treaty of Trianon

A

-30,000 in army
-No conscription
-Only three patrol boats.

28
Q

Date of Treaty of Trianon

A

4th June 1920

29
Q

What happened in the Treaty of Sevres?

A

-Impacted Turkey
-The Turkish Empire are split up so Turkey nearly lost all its land in Europe.

30
Q

Military restrictions in the Treaty of Sevres

A

-50,000 in army
-Seven sailboats
-Six torpedo boats

31
Q

Date of Treaty of Sevres

A

10th August 1920

32
Q

Strengths of the Treaties (Sevres, Trianon, Neuilly, St Germain)

A

-The war had caused huge amounts of damage, especially in France, so the reparations were needed to rebuild.
-France regained Alsace-Lorraine.
-Many area had not wanted to be part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

33
Q

Weaknesses of the Treaties (Sevres, Trianon, Neuilly, St Germain)

A

-Poland weakened, surrounded by enemies.
-Austria and Hungary lost so much land, economies crashed in 1921.
-Lloyd George and Wilson feared that the treaties would lead to another war.

History Conflict And Tension (6 decks)

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