Peaceful co-existance

Question 1

when did Khrushehev rise to power?and what did this period see?

Answer 1

in 1955, a shift in soviet foreign policy

Question 2

what was the basis of Khrushehev’s departure from stalin’s legacy?

Answer 2

the rejection of the inevitability of global war and of violent revolutionary transition from capitalism to socialism. Because socialism is superiro

Question 3

what did Khrushehev’s rejection of stalin’s legacy cause him to adopt?

Answer 3

a broader interpretation to lenin’s doctrine of ‘‘peaceful co-existance’’

Question 4

why was peaceful co-existance doomed to be unsuccessful in reducing cold war tensions?

Answer 4

due to the aim of it being to strengthen the soviet union the USSR’s position and simutainouly the USA was trying to do the same therefore increased tensions was inevitable

Question 5

when was the Austrian state treaty and what was it?

Answer 5

1955,representatives of the governments of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States, and France signed a treaty that granted Austria independence and arranged for the withdrawal of all occupation forces.

Question 6

why was the Austrian state treaty significant?

Answer 6

issues that had divided the Superpowers since 1945. These discussions highlighted a change of atmosphere & one of trust, which led to other summit meeting being planned for the near future.

Question 7

when was the Geneva summit meetings and what was it?

Answer 7

1955, meeting in Geneva of the leaders of the U.S., France, Britain, and the Soviet Union that sought to end the Cold War.

Question 8

why was the Geneva summit meetings important?

Answer 8

was seen as an extremely important building block to better friendships and more open communication between the leaders of “The Big Four”.

Question 9

when something of importnace needed to be discussed in Geneva what normally happened? give and example?

Answer 9

disscussion would break down for instance the proposal for the ‘open skies’

Question 10

why did Khrushehev reject Eisenhower’s proposal for the ‘open skies’ at Geneva?

Answer 10

. This is because it would stop the USSR from being able to keep a façade of missile capabilities as this proposal promoted openness which would contradict Khrushchev’s aims for peaceful coexistence to strengthen the USSR’s position.

Question 11

when did Khrushehev vist the USA? and why was this important?

Answer 11

because him became the first Soviet head of state to visit the United States.

Question 12

when was Sputnik launched and why was it important?

Answer 12

1957, the launch of Sputnik fueled both the space race and the arms race, in addition to increasing Cold War tensions, as each country worked to prepare new methods of attacking the other.

Question 13

why was the space race important?

Answer 13

The Space Race was considered important because it showed the world which country had the best science, technology, and economic system

Question 14

when was Khrushchev’s destalinisation speech?and what was it?

Answer 14

1956,de-stalinization became official when Khrushchev spoke to a closed session of the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, delivering an address laying out some of Stalin’s crimes and the “conditions of insecurity, fear, and even desperation” created by Stalin.

Question 15

what actions did Khrushechev do in poland and when?

Answer 15

in 1956, poland was allowed some indepedance, although this is because they did not threaten the warsaw pact

Question 16

when was Kennedy elected and why was this important?

Answer 16

, in 1960, because Kennedy was elected on the promise to be ‘tough on communism’.
Kennedy is particularly hostile due to his strong catholic upbringing.

Question 17

why was the berlin wall crisis important?

Answer 17

August 1961 – continued unrest & numbers fleeing Berlin led to the decision to close 2 sides of the city. Overnight, barbed wire fencing was erected. The lack of a Western response led to the creation of a 30-mile concrete wall. The peaceful response ended a major cause of tension.

Question 18

what happened in checkpoint charlie and why was it important?

Answer 18

22 October US diplomat was prevented from crossing the border to visit the opera.
General Clay sent troops to assist in crossing & then sent tanks to the crossing.
Khrushchev was forced to respond & opposing tanks faced each other 150 m apart.

Question 19

why was checkpoint charlie important?

Answer 19

because Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union over access to the outpost city of Berlin and its Soviet-controlled eastern sector had increased to the point of direct military confrontation.