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HISTORY > PEACE TREATIES > Flashcards

PEACE TREATIES Flashcards

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1
Q

LEADER OF UK

A

PM DAVID LLOYD-GEORGE

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2
Q

LEADER OF FRANCE

A

GEORGES CLEMENCEAU

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3
Q

LEADER OF USA

A

PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

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4
Q

LEADER OF ITALY

A

PM VITTORIO ORLANDO

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5
Q

2 COUNTRIES NOT INVITED TO PARIS AND WHY

A

GERMANY- LOST

RUSSIA- COMMUNIST & FIGHTING CIVIL WAR

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6
Q

TREATY SIGNED BY GERMANY +DATE

A

TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919

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7
Q

TREATY SIGNED BY AUSTRIA +DATE

A

TREATY OF ST GERMAIN, 1919

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8
Q

TREATY SIGNED BY BULGARIA

A

TREATY OF NEUILLY, 1919

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9
Q

TREATY SIGNED BY HUNGARY

A

TREATY OF TRIANON, 1920

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10
Q

TREATY SIGNED BY OTTOMAN EMPIRE

A

TREATY OF SEVRES, 1920

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11
Q

TREATY SIGNED BY TURKEY

A

TREATY OF LAUSANNE, 1923

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12
Q

WHEN WERE 14 POINTS ISSUED?

A

JANUARY 1918,, BEFORE END OF WAR

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13
Q

END OF WW1 DATE

A

11 NOVEMBER 1918

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14
Q

14 POINTS OBJECTIVE

A
  • PREVENT ANOTHER WAR

- SOLVE ISSUES THAT ARISED FROM WW1

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15
Q

KEY POINT OF 14 POINTS

A

SELF DETERMINATION (RIGHT FOR RACE TO RULE ITSELF)

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16
Q

FIRST 4 POINTS OF 14 POINTS

A

DISARMAMENT, FREE TRADE, ALLIANCES, FREEDOM OF SEAS

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17
Q

POINT 14 OF 14 POINTS

A

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

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18
Q

SELF DETERMINATION DEFINITION

A

RIGHT FOR RACE TO RULE ITSELF

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19
Q

WHAT WAS RACE DEFINED BY

A

LANGUAGE SPOKEN

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20
Q

WHY WERE THE 14 POINTS DIFFICULT TO PUT INTO PRACTICE?

A
  • NEW COUNTRIES WERE FORMED
  • MANY COUNTRIES SPOKE MORE THAN 1 LANG.
  • LANGUAGE GROUPS MIXED TOGETHER
  • NEED TO FORM COUNTRIES THAT ARE STILL POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY VIABLE
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21
Q

FUTURE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY 14 POINTS

A
  • MINORITY GROUPS (WHICH LEAD TO RACIAL TENSION)
  • NEW COUNTRIES FORMED (DIDNT KNOW HOW TO RULE THEMSELVES)
  • NEW BOUNDARIES -> BORDER DISPUTES IN THE 1920S
  • NEW COUNTRIES=WEAK SO EASILY INVADED/ TAKEN OVER BY OTHER DICTATORS
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22
Q

GERMANY BLAMED– ARTICLE/NUMBER

A

WAR GUILT ARTICLE 231

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23
Q

The compensation that the losers had to pay.
For Germany the figure of £6,600 million was
fixed in 1921

A

Reparations Article 232

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24
Q

Reparations Article 232

A

The compensation that the losers had to pay.
For Germany the figure of £6,600 million was
fixed in 1921

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25
Q

WHAT HAPPENED TO RHINELAND

A

DEMILITARIZED (WEAPONS AND ARME FORCE NOT ALLOWED)

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26
Q

UNION OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA (FORBIDDEN)

A

ANSCHLUSS

27
Q

Mandate

A

The colony of a losing country put under the
protection of the League of Nations but
administered by a winning ally eg Palestine (UK)

28
Q

Hyperinflation

A

This occurred in Germany in 1923 after the French
and Belgians occupied the Ruhr because the Germans
failed to pay reparations.

29
Q

LAND GAINED BY GREECE

A

SMYRNA

30
Q

LAND GAINED BY BELGIUM

A

MALMEDY AND EUPEN

31
Q

LAND GAINED BY DENMARK

A

SCHLESWEG

32
Q

TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK

A

Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war (March 1918).

33
Q

TURKEY NATIONALIST LEADER

A

MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK

34
Q

Banned for Germany by Treaty of Versailles (MILITARY)

A

Tanks, submarines, heavy artillery, conscription, airforce, troops in Rhineland

35
Q

ALSACE LORRAINE

A

Land given back to France who had lost it in 1870 in Franco Prussian war

36
Q

Why were the Germans so bitter?

A

M: Military restrictions: too much. No other country disarmed. Blow to national pride.
Can’t defend themselves in future
W: War guilt. War was government’s fault and all counties to blame to some extent
R: Reparations. Too much?
L: Lost land to enemies. Germany split into two
F: Fourteen points. Self determination ignored for Germany
D: Dictat. Not allowed to discuss

37
Q

Why did the allies feel that they could punish Germany

so severely?

A

Germany lost.
Germany would have been equally harsh if had won.
German treatment of Russia in Brest-Litovsk.
Someone had to pay for damage.
Germany had resources to do it despite losses at Versailles.

38
Q

What military restrictions were put on Germany?

A 
No conscription
Army of 100,000
No planes, tanks, submarines, heavy artillery
Small navy
Rhineland demilitarised
39
Q

What territorial losses did Germany have?

A

All colonies: became mandates under supervision of League of Nations
Alsace – Lorraine returned to France
Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
Schlesweg to Denmark
The Saar to France for 15 years
Polish Corridor to Poland
Not allowed to unite (Anschluss) with Austria

40
Q

HOW MUCH PAY FOR REPARATIONS

A

£6,600 million

41
Q

5 MAIN TERMS OF TREATY OF VERSAILLES

A
  • WAR GUILT
  • REPARATIONS
  • GERMAN TERRITORIES AND COLONIES
  • GERMANY’S ARMED FORCES
  • LEAGUE OF NATIONS
42
Q

WHY UK NOT HAPPY W TREATY OF VERSAILLES

A

-Was concerned about effect on German economy:
trading partner
-Concerned that Germany might want revenge

43
Q

WHY FRANCE NOT HAPPY W TREATY OF VERSAILLES

A
  • Felt Germany had not been punished enough
  • Worried that Germany could still attack them
  • Wanted Germany totally broken up
  • Wanted more compensation
44
Q

WHY USA NOT HAPPY W TREATY OF VERSAILLES

A
  • Felt Germany punished too harshly

- Some of 14 points ignored eg freedom of the seas, colonies being allowed to chose own government

45
Q

WHY ITALY NOT HAPPY WITH TREATY OF VERSAILLES

A
  • Felt had suffered greatly during World War One
  • Did not get land promised to them in Treaty of London 1915
  • Orlando walked out
46
Q

EFFECTS OF WW1 ON EUROPE

A
  • ECONOMIES WEAKENED
  • LAND DESTROYED
  • BITTERNESS
  • CIVILIANS AFFECTED
  • MONEY SPENT
47
Q

LLOYD-GEORGE’S PRESSURES

A
  • BRITAIN WANTED BIG PUNISHMENT FOR GERMANY
  • BRITAIN WANTED GERMANY TO HAVE LESS THAN NOTHING
  • BRITAIN WANTED TO SQUEEZE EVERYTHING OUT OF GERMANY
48
Q

CLEMENCEAU WANTS

A
  • AGREED W AIM FOR PEACE/JUSTICE
  • CRIPPLE GERMANY SO NO MORE ATTACKS
  • DISARMAMENT
  • REPARATIONS–BIG
  • WAR GUILT
49
Q

PRESSURES ON CLEMENCEAU

A
  • FRENCH WANTED TO CRIPPLE GERMANY AND MAKE FRANCE MORE POWERFUL THAN HER.
  • POINCARÉ WANTED GERMANY BOKEN INTO SMALLER STATES.
50
Q

WILSON WANTS

A
  • NOT TOO HARSH
  • STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY IN DEFEATED COUNTRIES
  • SELF DETERMINATION
  • LEAGUE OF NATIONS FOR LASTING PEACE
  • 14 POINTS
  • REFUSED TO CANCEL DEBTS OWED TO USA BY BRITAIN AND ALLIES
51
Q

PRESSURES WILSON

A
  • US PUBLIC DONT WANT TO BE INVOLVED IN EUROPE
  • SAID HE WOULDNT JOIN WAR– PUBLIC NOT HAPPY
  • ELECTIONS COMING UP– RE-ELECTED?
52
Q

DATE TREATY OF VERSAILLES SIGNED

A

28TH JUNE 1919

53
Q

SAARLAND

A

(COAL MINES) GIVEN TO FRANCE BUT RULED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS FOR 15 YEARS, THEN PLEBISCITE HELD. 1935 WAS GIVEN BACK TO GERMANY

54
Q

PLEBISCITE

A

WHEN U ASK PEOPLE OF A REGION WHO THEY WANT TO BE RULED BY.

55
Q

GERMANY SPLIT– NAME OF EAST?

A

EAST PRUSSIA

56
Q

GERMANY SPLIT BY WHAT?

A

POLISH CORRIDOR

57
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY (6 REASONS)

A

MILITARY, WAR GUILT, REPARATIONS, DIKTAT, 14 POINTS, LAND LOST.

58
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT 14 POINTS

A
  • NOT TREATED EQUALLY– ONLY GERMAN DISARM AND NO SELF DETERMINATION.
  • CLAIM MAIN REASON THEY SURRENDERED WAS 14 POINTS.
  • INSULTED THEY WEREN’T INVITED TO LEAGUE OF NATIONS
  • EVERYTHING HARSHER ON GERMANY
59
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT LAND LOST?

A
  • LOST COALFIELDS AND FARMLAND
  • LOST 10% OF LAND IN EUROPE
  • LOST ALL OVERSEAS COLONIES
  • LOSS OF POWER
  • “HOW PAY REPARATIONS IF TAKEN LAND?”
  • BLOW TO PRIDE
60
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT MILITARY?

A
  • 100,000 MEN
  • NO CONSCRPITION
  • NO AIR FORCE
  • 6 SHIPS
  • PRIDE HURT
61
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT DIKTAT?

A
  • HAD NO CHOICE– WAS IMPOSED ON THEM
  • NO ONE ASKED THEIR OPINION
  • BIG 3 MADE DECISIONS AND DICTATED THE SETTLEMENT TO GERMANY
62
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT WAR GUILT?

A
  • ALL BLAME ON GERMANY
  • ARTICLE 231
  • FELT BLAME SHOULD BE SHARED
63
Q

WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT REPARATIONS?

A
  • WAR GUILT LED TO THIS
  • ECONOMY WEAKENED
  • CANNOT AFFORD
  • WERE IN DEBT
  • WERE NOT HAPPY WITH PRICE SETTLED IN 1921 OF 6,600 MILLION POUNDS
64
Q

EFFECTS OF TREATY OF VERSAILLES ON GERMANY?

A 
- POLITICAL PROBLEMS
ATTEMPTED REVOLUTION (1920), FOREIGN MINISTER ASSASINATED (1922), HITLER ATTEMPTED TO OVERTHROW GOVERNMENT (1923), MORE ATTEMPTED ASSASINATIONS.

-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
PAYING REPARATIONS…FAILED TO MEET DEADLINE SO FRENCH AND BELGIANS INVADED RUHR… TOOK WHAT GERMANY OWED THEM IN GOODS.
WORKERS ON STRIKE, HYPER-INFLATION,ETC.

HISTORY (4 decks)

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