PEACE TREATIES Flashcards
1
Q
LEADER OF UK
A
PM DAVID LLOYD-GEORGE
2
Q
LEADER OF FRANCE
A
GEORGES CLEMENCEAU
3
Q
LEADER OF USA
A
PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON
4
Q
LEADER OF ITALY
A
PM VITTORIO ORLANDO
5
Q
2 COUNTRIES NOT INVITED TO PARIS AND WHY
A
GERMANY- LOST
RUSSIA- COMMUNIST & FIGHTING CIVIL WAR
6
Q
TREATY SIGNED BY GERMANY +DATE
A
TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919
7
Q
TREATY SIGNED BY AUSTRIA +DATE
A
TREATY OF ST GERMAIN, 1919
8
Q
TREATY SIGNED BY BULGARIA
A
TREATY OF NEUILLY, 1919
9
Q
TREATY SIGNED BY HUNGARY
A
TREATY OF TRIANON, 1920
10
Q
TREATY SIGNED BY OTTOMAN EMPIRE
A
TREATY OF SEVRES, 1920
11
Q
TREATY SIGNED BY TURKEY
A
TREATY OF LAUSANNE, 1923
12
Q
WHEN WERE 14 POINTS ISSUED?
A
JANUARY 1918,, BEFORE END OF WAR
13
Q
END OF WW1 DATE
A
11 NOVEMBER 1918
14
Q
14 POINTS OBJECTIVE
A
- PREVENT ANOTHER WAR
- SOLVE ISSUES THAT ARISED FROM WW1
15
Q
KEY POINT OF 14 POINTS
A
SELF DETERMINATION (RIGHT FOR RACE TO RULE ITSELF)
16
Q
FIRST 4 POINTS OF 14 POINTS
A
DISARMAMENT, FREE TRADE, ALLIANCES, FREEDOM OF SEAS
17
Q
POINT 14 OF 14 POINTS
A
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
18
Q
SELF DETERMINATION DEFINITION
A
RIGHT FOR RACE TO RULE ITSELF
19
Q
WHAT WAS RACE DEFINED BY
A
LANGUAGE SPOKEN
20
Q
WHY WERE THE 14 POINTS DIFFICULT TO PUT INTO PRACTICE?
A
- NEW COUNTRIES WERE FORMED
- MANY COUNTRIES SPOKE MORE THAN 1 LANG.
- LANGUAGE GROUPS MIXED TOGETHER
- NEED TO FORM COUNTRIES THAT ARE STILL POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY VIABLE
21
Q
FUTURE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY 14 POINTS
A
- MINORITY GROUPS (WHICH LEAD TO RACIAL TENSION)
- NEW COUNTRIES FORMED (DIDNT KNOW HOW TO RULE THEMSELVES)
- NEW BOUNDARIES -> BORDER DISPUTES IN THE 1920S
- NEW COUNTRIES=WEAK SO EASILY INVADED/ TAKEN OVER BY OTHER DICTATORS
22
Q
GERMANY BLAMED– ARTICLE/NUMBER
A
WAR GUILT ARTICLE 231
23
Q
The compensation that the losers had to pay.
For Germany the figure of £6,600 million was
fixed in 1921
A
Reparations Article 232
24
Q
Reparations Article 232
A
The compensation that the losers had to pay.
For Germany the figure of £6,600 million was
fixed in 1921
25
WHAT HAPPENED TO RHINELAND
DEMILITARIZED (WEAPONS AND ARME FORCE NOT ALLOWED)
26
UNION OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA (FORBIDDEN)
ANSCHLUSS
27
Mandate
The colony of a losing country put under the
protection of the League of Nations but
administered by a winning ally eg Palestine (UK)
28
Hyperinflation
This occurred in Germany in 1923 after the French
and Belgians occupied the Ruhr because the Germans
failed to pay reparations.
29
LAND GAINED BY GREECE
SMYRNA
30
LAND GAINED BY BELGIUM
MALMEDY AND EUPEN
31
LAND GAINED BY DENMARK
SCHLESWEG
32
TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK
Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war (March 1918).
33
TURKEY NATIONALIST LEADER
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK
34
Banned for Germany by Treaty of Versailles (MILITARY)
Tanks, submarines, heavy artillery, conscription, airforce, troops in Rhineland
35
ALSACE LORRAINE
Land given back to France who had lost it in 1870 in Franco Prussian war
36
Why were the Germans so bitter?
M: Military restrictions: too much. No other country disarmed. Blow to national pride.
Can’t defend themselves in future
W: War guilt. War was government’s fault and all counties to blame to some extent
R: Reparations. Too much?
L: Lost land to enemies. Germany split into two
F: Fourteen points. Self determination ignored for Germany
D: Dictat. Not allowed to discuss
37
Why did the allies feel that they could punish Germany
| so severely?
Germany lost.
Germany would have been equally harsh if had won.
German treatment of Russia in Brest-Litovsk.
Someone had to pay for damage.
Germany had resources to do it despite losses at Versailles.
38
What military restrictions were put on Germany?
```
No conscription
Army of 100,000
No planes, tanks, submarines, heavy artillery
Small navy
Rhineland demilitarised
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39
What territorial losses did Germany have?
All colonies: became mandates under supervision of League of Nations
Alsace – Lorraine returned to France
Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
Schlesweg to Denmark
The Saar to France for 15 years
Polish Corridor to Poland
Not allowed to unite (Anschluss) with Austria
40
HOW MUCH PAY FOR REPARATIONS
£6,600 million
41
5 MAIN TERMS OF TREATY OF VERSAILLES
- WAR GUILT
- REPARATIONS
- GERMAN TERRITORIES AND COLONIES
- GERMANY'S ARMED FORCES
- LEAGUE OF NATIONS
42
WHY UK NOT HAPPY W TREATY OF VERSAILLES
-Was concerned about effect on German economy:
trading partner
-Concerned that Germany might want revenge
43
WHY FRANCE NOT HAPPY W TREATY OF VERSAILLES
- Felt Germany had not been punished enough
- Worried that Germany could still attack them
- Wanted Germany totally broken up
- Wanted more compensation
44
WHY USA NOT HAPPY W TREATY OF VERSAILLES
- Felt Germany punished too harshly
| - Some of 14 points ignored eg freedom of the seas, colonies being allowed to chose own government
45
WHY ITALY NOT HAPPY WITH TREATY OF VERSAILLES
- Felt had suffered greatly during World War One
- Did not get land promised to them in Treaty of London 1915
- Orlando walked out
46
EFFECTS OF WW1 ON EUROPE
- ECONOMIES WEAKENED
- LAND DESTROYED
- BITTERNESS
- CIVILIANS AFFECTED
- MONEY SPENT
47
LLOYD-GEORGE'S PRESSURES
- BRITAIN WANTED BIG PUNISHMENT FOR GERMANY
- BRITAIN WANTED GERMANY TO HAVE LESS THAN NOTHING
- BRITAIN WANTED TO SQUEEZE EVERYTHING OUT OF GERMANY
48
CLEMENCEAU WANTS
- AGREED W AIM FOR PEACE/JUSTICE
- CRIPPLE GERMANY SO NO MORE ATTACKS
- DISARMAMENT
- REPARATIONS–BIG
- WAR GUILT
49
PRESSURES ON CLEMENCEAU
- FRENCH WANTED TO CRIPPLE GERMANY AND MAKE FRANCE MORE POWERFUL THAN HER.
- POINCARÉ WANTED GERMANY BOKEN INTO SMALLER STATES.
50
WILSON WANTS
- NOT TOO HARSH
- STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY IN DEFEATED COUNTRIES
- SELF DETERMINATION
- LEAGUE OF NATIONS FOR LASTING PEACE
- 14 POINTS
- REFUSED TO CANCEL DEBTS OWED TO USA BY BRITAIN AND ALLIES
51
PRESSURES WILSON
- US PUBLIC DONT WANT TO BE INVOLVED IN EUROPE
- SAID HE WOULDNT JOIN WAR– PUBLIC NOT HAPPY
- ELECTIONS COMING UP– RE-ELECTED?
52
DATE TREATY OF VERSAILLES SIGNED
28TH JUNE 1919
53
SAARLAND
(COAL MINES) GIVEN TO FRANCE BUT RULED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS FOR 15 YEARS, THEN PLEBISCITE HELD. 1935 WAS GIVEN BACK TO GERMANY
54
PLEBISCITE
WHEN U ASK PEOPLE OF A REGION WHO THEY WANT TO BE RULED BY.
55
GERMANY SPLIT– NAME OF EAST?
EAST PRUSSIA
56
GERMANY SPLIT BY WHAT?
POLISH CORRIDOR
57
WHY GERMANY ANGRY (6 REASONS)
MILITARY, WAR GUILT, REPARATIONS, DIKTAT, 14 POINTS, LAND LOST.
58
WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT 14 POINTS
- NOT TREATED EQUALLY– ONLY GERMAN DISARM AND NO SELF DETERMINATION.
- CLAIM MAIN REASON THEY SURRENDERED WAS 14 POINTS.
- INSULTED THEY WEREN'T INVITED TO LEAGUE OF NATIONS
- EVERYTHING HARSHER ON GERMANY
59
WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT LAND LOST?
- LOST COALFIELDS AND FARMLAND
- LOST 10% OF LAND IN EUROPE
- LOST ALL OVERSEAS COLONIES
- LOSS OF POWER
- "HOW PAY REPARATIONS IF TAKEN LAND?"
- BLOW TO PRIDE
60
WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT MILITARY?
- 100,000 MEN
- NO CONSCRPITION
- NO AIR FORCE
- 6 SHIPS
- PRIDE HURT
61
WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT DIKTAT?
- HAD NO CHOICE– WAS IMPOSED ON THEM
- NO ONE ASKED THEIR OPINION
- BIG 3 MADE DECISIONS AND DICTATED THE SETTLEMENT TO GERMANY
62
WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT WAR GUILT?
- ALL BLAME ON GERMANY
- ARTICLE 231
- FELT BLAME SHOULD BE SHARED
63
WHY GERMANY ANGRY ABOUT REPARATIONS?
- WAR GUILT LED TO THIS
- ECONOMY WEAKENED
- CANNOT AFFORD
- WERE IN DEBT
- WERE NOT HAPPY WITH PRICE SETTLED IN 1921 OF 6,600 MILLION POUNDS
64
EFFECTS OF TREATY OF VERSAILLES ON GERMANY?
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- POLITICAL PROBLEMS
ATTEMPTED REVOLUTION (1920), FOREIGN MINISTER ASSASINATED (1922), HITLER ATTEMPTED TO OVERTHROW GOVERNMENT (1923), MORE ATTEMPTED ASSASINATIONS.
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-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
PAYING REPARATIONS…FAILED TO MEET DEADLINE SO FRENCH AND BELGIANS INVADED RUHR… TOOK WHAT GERMANY OWED THEM IN GOODS.
WORKERS ON STRIKE, HYPER-INFLATION,ETC.
